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    SubjectRe: RFC: PTRACE_SEIZE needs API cleanup?
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    On Sun, 2011-09-04 at 23:11 +0200, Denys Vlasenko wrote:
    > Hi guys,
    >
    > I added code to use PTRACE_SEIZE in strace and in the process
    > had tasted how API looks like from userspace POV.
    >
    > It is usable, but API feels somewhat quirky.
    >
    > Consider the following: one of reasons why we added PTRACE_SEIZE
    > is that existing ptrace API has unnecessary complications
    > (quirks) such as SIGSTOP on attach, SIGTRAP after execve.
    >
    > But whoever designed strace did not deliberately designed these quirks in,
    > he thought it was a good, reasonable design. Only after a second, third,
    > tenth look it became obvious in retrospect that some things are
    > not exactly right.
    >
    > Thankfully, quirks in new PTRACE_SEIZE code mostly have the nature of
    > "unnecessarily invented entities" as opposed to problems
    > in trying to use API in real world tasks, but I still think they are
    > annoying enough to be looked at.
    >
    >
    > We already have a mechanism how to modify ptrace behavior: ptrace options.
    > But now we introduce a different mechnism to do the same: by using SEIZE
    > instead of ATTACH, we magically change some aspects of ptrace.
    > In effect, SEIZE sets some options. And these "SEIZE options" can't be
    > set or cleared by SETOPTIONS. This is stupid. Why can't we just add
    > more options instead of inventing new entities? Why we overloaded
    > SEIZE with two functions: "attach to, but don't SIGSTOP the tracee"
    > and "change behaviour of ptrace on this tracee"?
    >
    > If the argument is that we want to set options immediately at attach,
    > then I completely agree: yes, we do! Moreover, we want to set some
    > _ordinary_ options too, such as PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC, and we can't
    > do that even now, in improved API! It needs more improving.
    >
    > So my proposal is:
    > (a) make SEIZE take a parameter "immediately set these options on attach"
    > (b) without any options, make SEIZE just do "ATTACH sans SIGSTOP" thing,
    > nothing more.
    > (c) make the following new PTRACE_O_foo options:
    > (1) "flag stops with PTRACE_EVENT_STOP event value in waitpid status"
    > (2) "enable PTRACE_INTERRUPT. It either causes PTRACE_EVENT_STOP with sig=SIGTRAP
    > if (1) is enabled, or creates a group-stop with sig=SIGTRAP otherwise"
    > [if the second part is too weird to implement, make (2) require (1)]
    > (3) "enable PTRACE_LISTEN. Works on group-stops even without any other options"
    > (4) "make auto-attached children stop a-la INTERRUPT, not with SIGSTOP"
    > (5) "enable saner error codes"


    A crude patch is below. It rolls points 1-4 from above into a single
    new option, PTRACE_O_TRACESTOP.

    PTRACE_SEIZE does not assume PTRACE_O_TRACESTOP, but it allows all
    PTRACE_O_opts to be set at attach time (they are passed in data param) -
    including PTRACE_O_TRACESTOP, of course.

    All formerly PTRACE_SEIZE-enabled behavior is now enabled by
    PTRACE_O_TRACESTOP instead. PT_SEIZED bit is removed.

    While at it, I cleaned up the following:

    Exchanged PT_TRACESYSGOOD and PT_PTRACE_CAP bit positions, which made
    PT_option bits contiguous and therefore made ptrace_setoptions much
    simpler.

    If ptrace_setoptions fails, options are not affected.

    PT_EVENT_FLAG_SHIFT was not particularly useful, PT_OPT_FLAG_SHIFT with
    value of PT_EVENT_FLAG_SHIFT-1 is better.

    PT_TRACE_MASK constant is nuked, the only its use is replaced by
    (PTRACE_O_MASK << PT_OPT_FLAG_SHIFT).

    Not compile tested.

    --
    vda



    diff --git a/include/linux/ptrace.h b/include/linux/ptrace.h
    index 800f113..e2ba2dd 100644
    --- a/include/linux/ptrace.h
    +++ b/include/linux/ptrace.h
    @@ -62,8 +62,9 @@
    #define PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC 0x00000010
    #define PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE 0x00000020
    #define PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT 0x00000040
    +#define PTRACE_O_TRACESTOP 0x00000080

    -#define PTRACE_O_MASK 0x0000007f
    +#define PTRACE_O_MASK 0x000000ff

    /* Wait extended result codes for the above trace options. */
    #define PTRACE_EVENT_FORK 1
    @@ -85,24 +86,21 @@
    * flags. When the a task is stopped the ptracer owns task->ptrace.
    */

    -#define PT_SEIZED 0x00010000 /* SEIZE used, enable new behavior */
    #define PT_PTRACED 0x00000001
    #define PT_DTRACE 0x00000002 /* delayed trace (used on m68k, i386) */
    -#define PT_TRACESYSGOOD 0x00000004
    -#define PT_PTRACE_CAP 0x00000008 /* ptracer can follow suid-exec */
    +#define PT_PTRACE_CAP 0x00000004 /* ptracer can follow suid-exec */

    +#define PT_OPT_FLAG_SHIFT 3
    +#define PT_TRACESYSGOOD 0x00000008 /* must be directly before PT_TRACE_event bits! */
    /* PT_TRACE_* event enable flags */
    -#define PT_EVENT_FLAG_SHIFT 4
    -#define PT_EVENT_FLAG(event) (1 << (PT_EVENT_FLAG_SHIFT + (event) - 1))
    -
    +#define PT_EVENT_FLAG(event) (1 << (PT_OPT_FLAG_SHIFT + (event)))
    #define PT_TRACE_FORK PT_EVENT_FLAG(PTRACE_EVENT_FORK)
    #define PT_TRACE_VFORK PT_EVENT_FLAG(PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK)
    #define PT_TRACE_CLONE PT_EVENT_FLAG(PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE)
    #define PT_TRACE_EXEC PT_EVENT_FLAG(PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC)
    #define PT_TRACE_VFORK_DONE PT_EVENT_FLAG(PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE)
    #define PT_TRACE_EXIT PT_EVENT_FLAG(PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT)
    -
    -#define PT_TRACE_MASK 0x000003f4
    +#define PT_TRACE_STOP PT_EVENT_FLAG(PTRACE_EVENT_STOP)

    /* single stepping state bits (used on ARM and PA-RISC) */
    #define PT_SINGLESTEP_BIT 31
    @@ -228,7 +226,7 @@ static inline void ptrace_init_task(struct task_struct *child, bool ptrace)
    child->ptrace = current->ptrace;
    __ptrace_link(child, current->parent);

    - if (child->ptrace & PT_SEIZED)
    + if (child->ptrace & PTRACE_EVENT_STOP)
    task_set_jobctl_pending(child, JOBCTL_TRAP_STOP);
    else
    sigaddset(&child->pending.signal, SIGSTOP);
    diff --git a/kernel/ptrace.c b/kernel/ptrace.c
    index 9de3ecf..0841969 100644
    --- a/kernel/ptrace.c
    +++ b/kernel/ptrace.c
    @@ -219,19 +219,23 @@ static int ptrace_attach(struct task_struct *task, long request,

    /*
    * SEIZE will enable new ptrace behaviors which will be implemented
    - * gradually. SEIZE_DEVEL is used to prevent applications
    + * gradually. SEIZE_DEVEL bit is used to prevent applications
    * expecting full SEIZE behaviors trapping on kernel commits which
    * are still in the process of implementing them.
    *
    * Only test programs for new ptrace behaviors being implemented
    * should set SEIZE_DEVEL. If unset, SEIZE will fail with -EIO.
    *
    - * Once SEIZE behaviors are completely implemented, this flag and
    - * the following test will be removed.
    + * Once SEIZE behaviors are completely implemented, this flag
    + * will be removed.
    */
    retval = -EIO;
    - if (seize && !(flags & PTRACE_SEIZE_DEVEL))
    - goto out;
    + if (seize) {
    + if ((flags & ~(long)PTRACE_O_MASK) != PTRACE_SEIZE_DEVEL)
    + goto out;
    + flags &= ~PTRACE_SEIZE_DEVEL;
    + } else
    + flags = 0;

    audit_ptrace(task);

    @@ -263,9 +267,7 @@ static int ptrace_attach(struct task_struct *task, long request,
    if (task->ptrace)
    goto unlock_tasklist;

    - task->ptrace = PT_PTRACED;
    - if (seize)
    - task->ptrace |= PT_SEIZED;
    + task->ptrace = PT_PTRACED | (flags << PT_OPT_FLAG_SHIFT);
    if (task_ns_capable(task, CAP_SYS_PTRACE))
    task->ptrace |= PT_PTRACE_CAP;

    @@ -509,30 +511,13 @@ int ptrace_writedata(struct task_struct *tsk, char __user *src, unsigned long ds

    static int ptrace_setoptions(struct task_struct *child, unsigned long data)
    {
    - child->ptrace &= ~PT_TRACE_MASK;
    -
    - if (data & PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD)
    - child->ptrace |= PT_TRACESYSGOOD;
    -
    - if (data & PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK)
    - child->ptrace |= PT_TRACE_FORK;
    -
    - if (data & PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK)
    - child->ptrace |= PT_TRACE_VFORK;
    -
    - if (data & PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE)
    - child->ptrace |= PT_TRACE_CLONE;
    -
    - if (data & PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC)
    - child->ptrace |= PT_TRACE_EXEC;
    -
    - if (data & PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE)
    - child->ptrace |= PT_TRACE_VFORK_DONE;
    + if (data & ~(long)PTRACE_O_MASK)
    + return -EINVAL;

    - if (data & PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT)
    - child->ptrace |= PT_TRACE_EXIT;
    + child->ptrace &= ~(PTRACE_O_MASK << PT_OPT_FLAG_SHIFT);
    + child->ptrace |= (data << PT_OPT_FLAG_SHIFT);

    - return (data & ~PTRACE_O_MASK) ? -EINVAL : 0;
    + return 0;
    }

    static int ptrace_getsiginfo(struct task_struct *child, siginfo_t *info)
    @@ -666,7 +651,7 @@ static int ptrace_regset(struct task_struct *task, int req, unsigned int type,
    int ptrace_request(struct task_struct *child, long request,
    unsigned long addr, unsigned long data)
    {
    - bool seized = child->ptrace & PT_SEIZED;
    + bool stop_events_enabled = child->ptrace & PT_TRACE_STOP;
    int ret = -EIO;
    siginfo_t siginfo, *si;
    void __user *datavp = (void __user *) data;
    @@ -715,7 +700,7 @@ int ptrace_request(struct task_struct *child, long request,
    * The actual trap might not be PTRACE_EVENT_STOP trap but
    * the pending condition is cleared regardless.
    */
    - if (unlikely(!seized || !lock_task_sighand(child, &flags)))
    + if (unlikely(!stop_events_enabled || !lock_task_sighand(child, &flags)))
    break;

    /*
    @@ -740,7 +725,7 @@ int ptrace_request(struct task_struct *child, long request,
    * again. Alternatively, ptracer can issue INTERRUPT to
    * finish listening and re-trap tracee into STOP.
    */
    - if (unlikely(!seized || !lock_task_sighand(child, &flags)))
    + if (unlikely(!stop_events_enabled || !lock_task_sighand(child, &flags)))
    break;

    si = child->last_siginfo;
    diff --git a/kernel/signal.c b/kernel/signal.c
    index 291c970..11bae20 100644
    --- a/kernel/signal.c
    +++ b/kernel/signal.c
    @@ -823,8 +823,8 @@ static int check_kill_permission(int sig, struct siginfo *info,
    * @t: tracee wanting to notify tracer
    *
    * This function schedules sticky ptrace trap which is cleared on the next
    - * TRAP_STOP to notify ptracer of an event. @t must have been seized by
    - * ptracer.
    + * TRAP_STOP to notify ptracer of an event. @t must have PTRACE_O_TRACESTOP
    + * option active.
    *
    * If @t is running, STOP trap will be taken. If trapped for STOP and
    * ptracer is listening for events, tracee is woken up so that it can
    @@ -837,7 +837,7 @@ static int check_kill_permission(int sig, struct siginfo *info,
    */
    static void ptrace_trap_notify(struct task_struct *t)
    {
    - WARN_ON_ONCE(!(t->ptrace & PT_SEIZED));
    + WARN_ON_ONCE(!(t->ptrace & PT_TRACE_STOP));
    assert_spin_locked(&t->sighand->siglock);

    task_set_jobctl_pending(t, JOBCTL_TRAP_NOTIFY);
    @@ -882,7 +882,7 @@ static int prepare_signal(int sig, struct task_struct *p, int from_ancestor_ns)
    do {
    task_clear_jobctl_pending(t, JOBCTL_STOP_PENDING);
    rm_from_queue(SIG_KERNEL_STOP_MASK, &t->pending);
    - if (likely(!(t->ptrace & PT_SEIZED)))
    + if (likely(!(t->ptrace & PT_TRACE_STOP)))
    wake_up_state(t, __TASK_STOPPED);
    else
    ptrace_trap_notify(t);
    @@ -2004,7 +2004,7 @@ static bool do_signal_stop(int signr)
    if (!task_is_stopped(t) &&
    task_set_jobctl_pending(t, signr | gstop)) {
    sig->group_stop_count++;
    - if (likely(!(t->ptrace & PT_SEIZED)))
    + if (likely(!(t->ptrace & PT_TRACE_STOP)))
    signal_wake_up(t, 0);
    else
    ptrace_trap_notify(t);
    @@ -2057,13 +2057,13 @@ static bool do_signal_stop(int signr)
    /**
    * do_jobctl_trap - take care of ptrace jobctl traps
    *
    - * When PT_SEIZED, it's used for both group stop and explicit
    + * When PT_TRACE_STOP is on, it's used for both group stop and explicit
    * SEIZE/INTERRUPT traps. Both generate PTRACE_EVENT_STOP trap with
    * accompanying siginfo. If stopped, lower eight bits of exit_code contain
    * the stop signal; otherwise, %SIGTRAP.
    *
    - * When !PT_SEIZED, it's used only for group stop trap with stop signal
    - * number as exit_code and no siginfo.
    + * When PT_TRACE_STOP is off, it's used only for group stop trap
    + * with stop signal number as exit_code and no siginfo.
    *
    * CONTEXT:
    * Must be called with @current->sighand->siglock held, which may be
    @@ -2074,7 +2074,7 @@ static void do_jobctl_trap(void)
    struct signal_struct *signal = current->signal;
    int signr = current->jobctl & JOBCTL_STOP_SIGMASK;

    - if (current->ptrace & PT_SEIZED) {
    + if (current->ptrace & PT_TRACE_STOP) {
    if (!signal->group_stop_count &&
    !(signal->flags & SIGNAL_STOP_STOPPED))
    signr = SIGTRAP;


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