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    Subject[PATCH 02/12] hw-breakpoints: introducing generic hardware breakpoint handler interfaces
    Date
    From: K.Prasad <prasad@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

    This patch introduces the generic Hardware Breakpoint interfaces for both user
    and kernel space requests.
    This core Api handles the hardware breakpoints through new helpers. It
    handles the user-space breakpoints and kernel breakpoints in front of
    arch implementation.

    One can choose kernel wide breakpoints using the following helpers
    and passing them a generic struct hw_breakpoint:

    - register_kernel_hw_breakpoint()
    - unregister_kernel_hw_breakpoint()
    - modify_kernel_hw_breakpoint()

    On the other side, you can choose per task breakpoints.

    - register_user_hw_breakpoint()
    - unregister_user_hw_breakpoint()
    - modify_user_hw_breakpoint()

    [ fweisbec@gmail.com: fix conflict against perfcounter ]

    Original-patch-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
    Signed-off-by: K.Prasad <prasad@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
    Reviewed-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
    Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
    ---
    arch/Kconfig | 4 +
    kernel/Makefile | 1 +
    kernel/hw_breakpoint.c | 378 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    3 files changed, 383 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
    create mode 100644 kernel/hw_breakpoint.c

    diff --git a/arch/Kconfig b/arch/Kconfig
    index 78a35e9..1adf2d0 100644
    --- a/arch/Kconfig
    +++ b/arch/Kconfig
    @@ -112,3 +112,7 @@ config HAVE_DMA_API_DEBUG

    config HAVE_DEFAULT_NO_SPIN_MUTEXES
    bool
    +
    +config HAVE_HW_BREAKPOINT
    + bool
    +
    diff --git a/kernel/Makefile b/kernel/Makefile
    index a35eee3..18ad111 100644
    --- a/kernel/Makefile
    +++ b/kernel/Makefile
    @@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_TRACING) += trace/
    obj-$(CONFIG_X86_DS) += trace/
    obj-$(CONFIG_SMP) += sched_cpupri.o
    obj-$(CONFIG_SLOW_WORK) += slow-work.o
    +obj-$(CONFIG_HAVE_HW_BREAKPOINT) += hw_breakpoint.o

    ifneq ($(CONFIG_SCHED_OMIT_FRAME_POINTER),y)
    # According to Alan Modra <alan@linuxcare.com.au>, the -fno-omit-frame-pointer is
    diff --git a/kernel/hw_breakpoint.c b/kernel/hw_breakpoint.c
    new file mode 100644
    index 0000000..c1f64e6
    --- /dev/null
    +++ b/kernel/hw_breakpoint.c
    @@ -0,0 +1,378 @@
    +/*
    + * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
    + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    + * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
    + * (at your option) any later version.
    + *
    + * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
    + * GNU General Public License for more details.
    + *
    + * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    + * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
    + * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
    + *
    + * Copyright (C) 2007 Alan Stern
    + * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2009
    + */
    +
    +/*
    + * HW_breakpoint: a unified kernel/user-space hardware breakpoint facility,
    + * using the CPU's debug registers.
    + * This file contains the arch-independent routines.
    + */
    +
    +#include <linux/irqflags.h>
    +#include <linux/kallsyms.h>
    +#include <linux/notifier.h>
    +#include <linux/kprobes.h>
    +#include <linux/kdebug.h>
    +#include <linux/kernel.h>
    +#include <linux/module.h>
    +#include <linux/percpu.h>
    +#include <linux/sched.h>
    +#include <linux/init.h>
    +#include <linux/smp.h>
    +
    +#include <asm/hw_breakpoint.h>
    +#include <asm/processor.h>
    +
    +#ifdef CONFIG_X86
    +#include <asm/debugreg.h>
    +#endif
    +/*
    + * Spinlock that protects all (un)register operations over kernel/user-space
    + * breakpoint requests
    + */
    +static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(hw_breakpoint_lock);
    +
    +/* Array of kernel-space breakpoint structures */
    +struct hw_breakpoint *hbp_kernel[HBP_NUM];
    +
    +/*
    + * Per-processor copy of hbp_kernel[]. Used only when hbp_kernel is being
    + * modified but we need the older copy to handle any hbp exceptions. It will
    + * sync with hbp_kernel[] value after updation is done through IPIs.
    + */
    +DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct hw_breakpoint*, this_hbp_kernel[HBP_NUM]);
    +
    +/*
    + * Kernel breakpoints grow downwards, starting from HBP_NUM
    + * 'hbp_kernel_pos' denotes lowest numbered breakpoint register occupied for
    + * kernel-space request. We will initialise it here and not in an __init
    + * routine because load_debug_registers(), which uses this variable can be
    + * called very early during CPU initialisation.
    + */
    +unsigned int hbp_kernel_pos = HBP_NUM;
    +
    +/*
    + * An array containing refcount of threads using a given bkpt register
    + * Accesses are synchronised by acquiring hw_breakpoint_lock
    + */
    +unsigned int hbp_user_refcount[HBP_NUM];
    +
    +/*
    + * Load the debug registers during startup of a CPU.
    + */
    +void load_debug_registers(void)
    +{
    + unsigned long flags;
    + struct task_struct *tsk = current;
    +
    + spin_lock_bh(&hw_breakpoint_lock);
    +
    + /* Prevent IPIs for new kernel breakpoint updates */
    + local_irq_save(flags);
    + arch_update_kernel_hw_breakpoint(NULL);
    + local_irq_restore(flags);
    +
    + if (test_tsk_thread_flag(tsk, TIF_DEBUG))
    + arch_install_thread_hw_breakpoint(tsk);
    +
    + spin_unlock_bh(&hw_breakpoint_lock);
    +}
    +
    +/*
    + * Erase all the hardware breakpoint info associated with a thread.
    + *
    + * If tsk != current then tsk must not be usable (for example, a
    + * child being cleaned up from a failed fork).
    + */
    +void flush_thread_hw_breakpoint(struct task_struct *tsk)
    +{
    + int i;
    + struct thread_struct *thread = &(tsk->thread);
    +
    + spin_lock_bh(&hw_breakpoint_lock);
    +
    + /* The thread no longer has any breakpoints associated with it */
    + clear_tsk_thread_flag(tsk, TIF_DEBUG);
    + for (i = 0; i < HBP_NUM; i++) {
    + if (thread->hbp[i]) {
    + hbp_user_refcount[i]--;
    + kfree(thread->hbp[i]);
    + thread->hbp[i] = NULL;
    + }
    + }
    +
    + arch_flush_thread_hw_breakpoint(tsk);
    +
    + /* Actually uninstall the breakpoints if necessary */
    + if (tsk == current)
    + arch_uninstall_thread_hw_breakpoint();
    + spin_unlock_bh(&hw_breakpoint_lock);
    +}
    +
    +/*
    + * Copy the hardware breakpoint info from a thread to its cloned child.
    + */
    +int copy_thread_hw_breakpoint(struct task_struct *tsk,
    + struct task_struct *child, unsigned long clone_flags)
    +{
    + /*
    + * We will assume that breakpoint settings are not inherited
    + * and the child starts out with no debug registers set.
    + * But what about CLONE_PTRACE?
    + */
    + clear_tsk_thread_flag(child, TIF_DEBUG);
    +
    + /* We will call flush routine since the debugregs are not inherited */
    + arch_flush_thread_hw_breakpoint(child);
    +
    + return 0;
    +}
    +
    +static int __register_user_hw_breakpoint(int pos, struct task_struct *tsk,
    + struct hw_breakpoint *bp)
    +{
    + struct thread_struct *thread = &(tsk->thread);
    + int rc;
    +
    + /* Do not overcommit. Fail if kernel has used the hbp registers */
    + if (pos >= hbp_kernel_pos)
    + return -ENOSPC;
    +
    + rc = arch_validate_hwbkpt_settings(bp, tsk);
    + if (rc)
    + return rc;
    +
    + thread->hbp[pos] = bp;
    + hbp_user_refcount[pos]++;
    +
    + arch_update_user_hw_breakpoint(pos, tsk);
    + /*
    + * Does it need to be installed right now?
    + * Otherwise it will get installed the next time tsk runs
    + */
    + if (tsk == current)
    + arch_install_thread_hw_breakpoint(tsk);
    +
    + return rc;
    +}
    +
    +/*
    + * Modify the address of a hbp register already in use by the task
    + * Do not invoke this in-lieu of a __unregister_user_hw_breakpoint()
    + */
    +static int __modify_user_hw_breakpoint(int pos, struct task_struct *tsk,
    + struct hw_breakpoint *bp)
    +{
    + struct thread_struct *thread = &(tsk->thread);
    +
    + if ((pos >= hbp_kernel_pos) || (arch_validate_hwbkpt_settings(bp, tsk)))
    + return -EINVAL;
    +
    + if (thread->hbp[pos] == NULL)
    + return -EINVAL;
    +
    + thread->hbp[pos] = bp;
    + /*
    + * 'pos' must be that of a hbp register already used by 'tsk'
    + * Otherwise arch_modify_user_hw_breakpoint() will fail
    + */
    + arch_update_user_hw_breakpoint(pos, tsk);
    +
    + if (tsk == current)
    + arch_install_thread_hw_breakpoint(tsk);
    +
    + return 0;
    +}
    +
    +static void __unregister_user_hw_breakpoint(int pos, struct task_struct *tsk)
    +{
    + hbp_user_refcount[pos]--;
    + tsk->thread.hbp[pos] = NULL;
    +
    + arch_update_user_hw_breakpoint(pos, tsk);
    +
    + if (tsk == current)
    + arch_install_thread_hw_breakpoint(tsk);
    +}
    +
    +/**
    + * register_user_hw_breakpoint - register a hardware breakpoint for user space
    + * @tsk: pointer to 'task_struct' of the process to which the address belongs
    + * @bp: the breakpoint structure to register
    + *
    + * @bp.info->name or @bp.info->address, @bp.info->len, @bp.info->type and
    + * @bp->triggered must be set properly before invocation
    + *
    + */
    +int register_user_hw_breakpoint(struct task_struct *tsk,
    + struct hw_breakpoint *bp)
    +{
    + struct thread_struct *thread = &(tsk->thread);
    + int i, rc = -ENOSPC;
    +
    + spin_lock_bh(&hw_breakpoint_lock);
    +
    + for (i = 0; i < hbp_kernel_pos; i++) {
    + if (!thread->hbp[i]) {
    + rc = __register_user_hw_breakpoint(i, tsk, bp);
    + break;
    + }
    + }
    + if (!rc)
    + set_tsk_thread_flag(tsk, TIF_DEBUG);
    +
    + spin_unlock_bh(&hw_breakpoint_lock);
    + return rc;
    +}
    +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(register_user_hw_breakpoint);
    +
    +/**
    + * modify_user_hw_breakpoint - modify a user-space hardware breakpoint
    + * @tsk: pointer to 'task_struct' of the process to which the address belongs
    + * @bp: the breakpoint structure to unregister
    + *
    + */
    +int modify_user_hw_breakpoint(struct task_struct *tsk, struct hw_breakpoint *bp)
    +{
    + struct thread_struct *thread = &(tsk->thread);
    + int i, ret = -ENOENT;
    +
    + spin_lock_bh(&hw_breakpoint_lock);
    + for (i = 0; i < hbp_kernel_pos; i++) {
    + if (bp == thread->hbp[i]) {
    + ret = __modify_user_hw_breakpoint(i, tsk, bp);
    + break;
    + }
    + }
    + spin_unlock_bh(&hw_breakpoint_lock);
    + return ret;
    +}
    +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(modify_user_hw_breakpoint);
    +
    +/**
    + * unregister_user_hw_breakpoint - unregister a user-space hardware breakpoint
    + * @tsk: pointer to 'task_struct' of the process to which the address belongs
    + * @bp: the breakpoint structure to unregister
    + *
    + */
    +void unregister_user_hw_breakpoint(struct task_struct *tsk,
    + struct hw_breakpoint *bp)
    +{
    + struct thread_struct *thread = &(tsk->thread);
    + int i, pos = -1, hbp_counter = 0;
    +
    + spin_lock_bh(&hw_breakpoint_lock);
    + for (i = 0; i < hbp_kernel_pos; i++) {
    + if (thread->hbp[i])
    + hbp_counter++;
    + if (bp == thread->hbp[i])
    + pos = i;
    + }
    + if (pos >= 0) {
    + __unregister_user_hw_breakpoint(pos, tsk);
    + hbp_counter--;
    + }
    + if (!hbp_counter)
    + clear_tsk_thread_flag(tsk, TIF_DEBUG);
    +
    + spin_unlock_bh(&hw_breakpoint_lock);
    +}
    +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(unregister_user_hw_breakpoint);
    +
    +/**
    + * register_kernel_hw_breakpoint - register a hardware breakpoint for kernel space
    + * @bp: the breakpoint structure to register
    + *
    + * @bp.info->name or @bp.info->address, @bp.info->len, @bp.info->type and
    + * @bp->triggered must be set properly before invocation
    + *
    + */
    +int register_kernel_hw_breakpoint(struct hw_breakpoint *bp)
    +{
    + int rc;
    +
    + rc = arch_validate_hwbkpt_settings(bp, NULL);
    + if (rc)
    + return rc;
    +
    + spin_lock_bh(&hw_breakpoint_lock);
    +
    + rc = -ENOSPC;
    + /* Check if we are over-committing */
    + if ((hbp_kernel_pos > 0) && (!hbp_user_refcount[hbp_kernel_pos-1])) {
    + hbp_kernel_pos--;
    + hbp_kernel[hbp_kernel_pos] = bp;
    + on_each_cpu(arch_update_kernel_hw_breakpoint, NULL, 1);
    + rc = 0;
    + }
    +
    + spin_unlock_bh(&hw_breakpoint_lock);
    + return rc;
    +}
    +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(register_kernel_hw_breakpoint);
    +
    +/**
    + * unregister_kernel_hw_breakpoint - unregister a HW breakpoint for kernel space
    + * @bp: the breakpoint structure to unregister
    + *
    + * Uninstalls and unregisters @bp.
    + */
    +void unregister_kernel_hw_breakpoint(struct hw_breakpoint *bp)
    +{
    + int i, j;
    +
    + spin_lock_bh(&hw_breakpoint_lock);
    +
    + /* Find the 'bp' in our list of breakpoints for kernel */
    + for (i = hbp_kernel_pos; i < HBP_NUM; i++)
    + if (bp == hbp_kernel[i])
    + break;
    +
    + /* Check if we did not find a match for 'bp'. If so return early */
    + if (i == HBP_NUM) {
    + spin_unlock_bh(&hw_breakpoint_lock);
    + return;
    + }
    +
    + /*
    + * We'll shift the breakpoints one-level above to compact if
    + * unregistration creates a hole
    + */
    + for (j = i; j > hbp_kernel_pos; j--)
    + hbp_kernel[j] = hbp_kernel[j-1];
    +
    + hbp_kernel[hbp_kernel_pos] = NULL;
    + on_each_cpu(arch_update_kernel_hw_breakpoint, NULL, 1);
    + hbp_kernel_pos++;
    +
    + spin_unlock_bh(&hw_breakpoint_lock);
    +}
    +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(unregister_kernel_hw_breakpoint);
    +
    +static struct notifier_block hw_breakpoint_exceptions_nb = {
    + .notifier_call = hw_breakpoint_exceptions_notify,
    + /* we need to be notified first */
    + .priority = 0x7fffffff
    +};
    +
    +static int __init init_hw_breakpoint(void)
    +{
    + return register_die_notifier(&hw_breakpoint_exceptions_nb);
    +}
    +
    +core_initcall(init_hw_breakpoint);
    --
    1.6.2.3


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