Messages in this thread | | | Date | Fri, 20 Feb 2009 09:11:32 -0800 | From | "Paul E. McKenney" <> | Subject | Re: Packable data structures found by pahole |
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On Wed, Feb 11, 2009 at 11:50:32AM -0200, Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo wrote: > Em Wed, Feb 11, 2009 at 01:22:36PM +0100, Ingo Molnar escreveu: > > Is there anything packable in core kernel structures like task struct? > > I still haven't added an heuristic to avoid reporting members with > explicit __alignment attributes, as these are not encoded in DWARF. I'll > work on that soon, but till then we can use this as an starting point. > > struct name, current size, --reorganized size, savings > > $ pahole --packable ../build/blkftrace/vmlinux | sort -k4 -nr > vc_data 432 176 256 > is this exported to userspace? > > rcu_ctrlblk 128 64 64 > has ____cacheline_internodealigned_in_smp
For 900 bytes of memory-footprint reduction on uniprocessor builds, I suggest rcutiny.c (http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/2/3/333).
That said, I don't know of any functional problems that would result from packing rcu_ctrlblk.
Thanx, Paul
> timex 208 152 56 > syscall interface > > hh_cache 128 72 56 > has ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp > > cpu_workqueue_struct 128 72 56 > is ____cacheline_aligned > > rchan_buf 256 216 40 > is ____cacheline_aligned > > tty_struct 1328 1296 32 > this one doesn't have any annotation, looks ripe for --reorganize > > task_struct 6008 5976 32 > > Printing this one here, the rest of the possibly packable data > structures are after it: > > struct task_struct { > volatile long int state; /* 0 8 */ > void * stack; /* 8 8 */ > atomic_t usage; /* 16 4 */ > unsigned int flags; /* 20 4 */ > unsigned int ptrace; /* 24 4 */ > int lock_depth; /* 28 4 */ > int prio; /* 32 4 */ > int static_prio; /* 36 4 */ > int normal_prio; /* 40 4 */ > unsigned int rt_priority; /* 44 4 */ > const struct sched_class * sched_class; /* 48 8 */ > struct sched_entity se; /* 56 368 */ > /* --- cacheline 6 boundary (384 bytes) was 40 bytes ago --- */ > struct sched_rt_entity rt; /* 424 64 */ > /* --- cacheline 7 boundary (448 bytes) was 40 bytes ago --- */ > unsigned char fpu_counter; /* 488 1 */ > s8 oomkilladj; /* 489 1 */ > > /* XXX 2 bytes hole, try to pack */ > > unsigned int btrace_seq; /* 492 4 */ > unsigned int policy; /* 496 4 */ > > /* XXX 4 bytes hole, try to pack */ > > cpumask_t cpus_allowed; /* 504 8 */ > /* --- cacheline 8 boundary (512 bytes) --- */ > struct sched_info sched_info; /* 512 40 */ > > /* XXX last struct has 4 bytes of padding */ > > struct list_head tasks; /* 552 16 */ > struct plist_node pushable_tasks; /* 568 40 */ > /* --- cacheline 9 boundary (576 bytes) was 32 bytes ago --- */ > struct mm_struct * mm; /* 608 8 */ > struct mm_struct * active_mm; /* 616 8 */ > struct linux_binfmt * binfmt; /* 624 8 */ > int exit_state; /* 632 4 */ > int exit_code; /* 636 4 */ > /* --- cacheline 10 boundary (640 bytes) --- */ > int exit_signal; /* 640 4 */ > int pdeath_signal; /* 644 4 */ > unsigned int personality; /* 648 4 */ > unsigned int did_exec:1; /* 652:31 4 */ > > /* XXX 31 bits hole, try to pack */ > > pid_t pid; /* 656 4 */ > pid_t tgid; /* 660 4 */ > long unsigned int stack_canary; /* 664 8 */ > struct task_struct * real_parent; /* 672 8 */ > struct task_struct * parent; /* 680 8 */ > struct list_head children; /* 688 16 */ > /* --- cacheline 11 boundary (704 bytes) --- */ > struct list_head sibling; /* 704 16 */ > struct task_struct * group_leader; /* 720 8 */ > struct list_head ptraced; /* 728 16 */ > struct list_head ptrace_entry; /* 744 16 */ > struct bts_tracer * bts; /* 760 8 */ > /* --- cacheline 12 boundary (768 bytes) --- */ > void * bts_buffer; /* 768 8 */ > size_t bts_size; /* 776 8 */ > struct pid_link pids[3]; /* 784 72 */ > /* --- cacheline 13 boundary (832 bytes) was 24 bytes ago --- */ > struct list_head thread_group; /* 856 16 */ > struct completion * vfork_done; /* 872 8 */ > int * set_child_tid; /* 880 8 */ > int * clear_child_tid; /* 888 8 */ > /* --- cacheline 14 boundary (896 bytes) --- */ > cputime_t utime; /* 896 8 */ > cputime_t stime; /* 904 8 */ > cputime_t utimescaled; /* 912 8 */ > cputime_t stimescaled; /* 920 8 */ > cputime_t gtime; /* 928 8 */ > cputime_t prev_utime; /* 936 8 */ > cputime_t prev_stime; /* 944 8 */ > long unsigned int nvcsw; /* 952 8 */ > /* --- cacheline 15 boundary (960 bytes) --- */ > long unsigned int nivcsw; /* 960 8 */ > struct timespec start_time; /* 968 16 */ > struct timespec real_start_time; /* 984 16 */ > long unsigned int min_flt; /* 1000 8 */ > long unsigned int maj_flt; /* 1008 8 */ > struct task_cputime cputime_expires; /* 1016 24 */ > /* --- cacheline 16 boundary (1024 bytes) was 16 bytes ago --- */ > struct list_head cpu_timers[3]; /* 1040 48 */ > /* --- cacheline 17 boundary (1088 bytes) --- */ > const struct cred * real_cred; /* 1088 8 */ > const struct cred * cred; /* 1096 8 */ > struct mutex cred_exec_mutex; /* 1104 32 */ > char comm[16]; /* 1136 16 */ > /* --- cacheline 18 boundary (1152 bytes) --- */ > int link_count; /* 1152 4 */ > int total_link_count; /* 1156 4 */ > struct sysv_sem sysvsem; /* 1160 8 */ > long unsigned int last_switch_count; /* 1168 8 */ > struct thread_struct thread; /* 1176 208 */ > > /* XXX last struct has 4 bytes of padding */ > > /* --- cacheline 21 boundary (1344 bytes) was 40 bytes ago --- */ > struct fs_struct * fs; /* 1384 8 */ > struct files_struct * files; /* 1392 8 */ > struct nsproxy * nsproxy; /* 1400 8 */ > /* --- cacheline 22 boundary (1408 bytes) --- */ > struct signal_struct * signal; /* 1408 8 */ > struct sighand_struct * sighand; /* 1416 8 */ > sigset_t blocked; /* 1424 8 */ > sigset_t real_blocked; /* 1432 8 */ > sigset_t saved_sigmask; /* 1440 8 */ > struct sigpending pending; /* 1448 24 */ > /* --- cacheline 23 boundary (1472 bytes) --- */ > long unsigned int sas_ss_sp; /* 1472 8 */ > size_t sas_ss_size; /* 1480 8 */ > int (*notifier)(void *); /* 1488 8 */ > void * notifier_data; /* 1496 8 */ > sigset_t * notifier_mask; /* 1504 8 */ > struct audit_context * audit_context; /* 1512 8 */ > uid_t loginuid; /* 1520 4 */ > unsigned int sessionid; /* 1524 4 */ > seccomp_t seccomp; /* 1528 4 */ > u32 parent_exec_id; /* 1532 4 */ > /* --- cacheline 24 boundary (1536 bytes) --- */ > u32 self_exec_id; /* 1536 4 */ > spinlock_t alloc_lock; /* 1540 4 */ > spinlock_t pi_lock; /* 1544 4 */ > > /* XXX 4 bytes hole, try to pack */ > > struct plist_head pi_waiters; /* 1552 32 */ > struct rt_mutex_waiter * pi_blocked_on; /* 1584 8 */ > unsigned int irq_events; /* 1592 4 */ > int hardirqs_enabled; /* 1596 4 */ > /* --- cacheline 25 boundary (1600 bytes) --- */ > long unsigned int hardirq_enable_ip; /* 1600 8 */ > unsigned int hardirq_enable_event; /* 1608 4 */ > > /* XXX 4 bytes hole, try to pack */ > > long unsigned int hardirq_disable_ip; /* 1616 8 */ > unsigned int hardirq_disable_event; /* 1624 4 */ > int softirqs_enabled; /* 1628 4 */ > long unsigned int softirq_disable_ip; /* 1632 8 */ > unsigned int softirq_disable_event; /* 1640 4 */ > > /* XXX 4 bytes hole, try to pack */ > > long unsigned int softirq_enable_ip; /* 1648 8 */ > unsigned int softirq_enable_event; /* 1656 4 */ > int hardirq_context; /* 1660 4 */ > /* --- cacheline 26 boundary (1664 bytes) --- */ > int softirq_context; /* 1664 4 */ > > /* XXX 4 bytes hole, try to pack */ > > void * journal_info; /* 1672 8 */ > struct bio * bio_list; /* 1680 8 */ > struct bio * * bio_tail; /* 1688 8 */ > struct reclaim_state * reclaim_state; /* 1696 8 */ > struct backing_dev_info * backing_dev_info; /* 1704 8 */ > struct io_context * io_context; /* 1712 8 */ > long unsigned int ptrace_message; /* 1720 8 */ > /* --- cacheline 27 boundary (1728 bytes) --- */ > siginfo_t * last_siginfo; /* 1728 8 */ > struct task_io_accounting ioac; /* 1736 56 */ > /* --- cacheline 28 boundary (1792 bytes) --- */ > u64 acct_rss_mem1; /* 1792 8 */ > u64 acct_vm_mem1; /* 1800 8 */ > cputime_t acct_timexpd; /* 1808 8 */ > nodemask_t mems_allowed; /* 1816 64 */ > /* --- cacheline 29 boundary (1856 bytes) was 24 bytes ago --- */ > int cpuset_mems_generation; /* 1880 4 */ > int cpuset_mem_spread_rotor; /* 1884 4 */ > struct css_set * cgroups; /* 1888 8 */ > struct list_head cg_list; /* 1896 16 */ > struct robust_list_head * robust_list; /* 1912 8 */ > /* --- cacheline 30 boundary (1920 bytes) --- */ > struct compat_robust_list_head * compat_robust_list; /* 1920 8 */ > struct list_head pi_state_list; /* 1928 16 */ > struct futex_pi_state * pi_state_cache; /* 1944 8 */ > struct perf_counter_context perf_counter_ctx; /* 1952 80 */ > /* --- cacheline 31 boundary (1984 bytes) was 48 bytes ago --- */ > struct mempolicy * mempolicy; /* 2032 8 */ > short int il_next; /* 2040 2 */ > > /* XXX 2 bytes hole, try to pack */ > > atomic_t fs_excl; /* 2044 4 */ > /* --- cacheline 32 boundary (2048 bytes) --- */ > struct rcu_head rcu; /* 2048 16 */ > struct pipe_inode_info * splice_pipe; /* 2064 8 */ > struct task_delay_info * delays; /* 2072 8 */ > struct prop_local_single dirties; /* 2080 24 */ > int latency_record_count; /* 2104 4 */ > > /* XXX 4 bytes hole, try to pack */ > > /* --- cacheline 33 boundary (2112 bytes) --- */ > struct latency_record latency_record[32]; /* 2112 3840 */ > /* --- cacheline 93 boundary (5952 bytes) --- */ > long unsigned int timer_slack_ns; /* 5952 8 */ > long unsigned int default_timer_slack_ns; /* 5960 8 */ > struct list_head * scm_work_list; /* 5968 8 */ > int curr_ret_stack; /* 5976 4 */ > > /* XXX 4 bytes hole, try to pack */ > > struct ftrace_ret_stack * ret_stack; /* 5984 8 */ > atomic_t trace_overrun; /* 5992 4 */ > atomic_t tracing_graph_pause; /* 5996 4 */ > long unsigned int trace; /* 6000 8 */ > > /* size: 6008, cachelines: 94, members: 148 */ > /* sum members: 5976, holes: 9, sum holes: 32 */ > /* bit holes: 1, sum bit holes: 31 bits */ > /* paddings: 2, sum paddings: 8 */ > /* last cacheline: 56 bytes */ > }; /* definitions: 742 */ > > If we ask pahole to reorganize it it would do these steps: > > $ pahole -C task_struct --reorganize --show_reorg_steps kernel/sched.o|grep ^\/ > /* Demoting bitfield ('did_exec' ... 'did_exec') from 'unsigned int' to > * 'unsigned char' */ > > /* Moving bitfield('did_exec' ... 'did_exec') from after 'personality' > * to after 'oomkilladj' */ > > /* Moving 'personality' from after 'pdeath_signal' to after 'policy' */ > > /* Moving 'hardirq_enable_event' from after 'hardirq_enable_ip' to after > * 'pi_lock' */ > > /* Moving 'softirq_context' from after 'hardirq_context' to after > * 'softirq_disable_event' */ > > /* Moving 'curr_ret_stack' from after 'scm_work_list' to after > * 'latency_record_count' */ > > And the new stats would be: > > /* size: 5976, cachelines: 94, members: 148 */ > /* sum members: 5973, holes: 2, sum holes: 3 */ > /* bit holes: 1, sum bit holes: 7 bits */ > /* paddings: 2, sum paddings: 8 */ > /* last cacheline: 24 bytes */ > }; /* saved 32 bytes! */ > > It would still have these holes/paddings: > > <SNIP> > > s8 oomkilladj; /* 489 1 */ > unsigned char did_exec:1; /* 490: 7 1 */ > > /* XXX 7 bits hole, try to pack */ > /* XXX 1 byte hole, try to pack */ > > unsigned int btrace_seq; /* 492 4 */ > > <SNIP> > > /* --- cacheline 8 boundary (512 bytes) --- */ > struct sched_info sched_info; /* 512 40 */ > > /* XXX last struct has 4 bytes of padding */ > > struct list_head tasks; /* 552 16 */ > > <SNIP> > > long unsigned int last_switch_count; /* 1160 8 */ > struct thread_struct thread; /* 1168 208 */ > > /* XXX last struct has 4 bytes of padding */ > > /* --- cacheline 21 boundary (1344 bytes) was 32 bytes ago --- */ > > <SNIP> > > /* --- cacheline 31 boundary (1984 bytes) was 24 bytes ago --- */ > struct mempolicy * mempolicy; /* 2008 8 */ > short int il_next; /* 2016 2 */ > > /* XXX 2 bytes hole, try to pack */ > > atomic_t fs_excl; /* 2020 4 */ > > <SNIP> > > I put the pahole vmlinux output on > http://fedorapeople.org/~acme/pahole/vmlinux.pahole.c > > zone 1536 1512 24 > super_block 768 744 24 > Scsi_Host 1384 1360 24 > scsi_device 1312 1288 24 > rq 2456 2432 24 > request_queue 2272 2248 24 > net_device 1600 1576 24 > cp_private 1344 1320 24 > clocksource 192 168 24 > ata_port 11184 11160 24 > taskstats 328 312 16 > sock 544 528 16 > rtl8139_private 448 432 16 > rtentry 120 104 16 > pci_dev 1624 1608 16 > packet_sock 760 744 16 > mtd_info 352 336 16 > mousedev 784 768 16 > module 512 496 16 > mm_struct 808 792 16 > loop_device 400 384 16 > journal_s 568 552 16 > gendisk 720 704 16 > floppy_drive_params 128 112 16 > files_struct 704 688 16 > dio 856 840 16 > block_device 248 232 16 > audit_context 1968 1952 16 > xfrm_state 632 624 8 > writeback_control 64 56 8 > vt_spawn_console 24 16 8 > vmap_block_queue 48 40 8 > vfsmount 224 216 8 > user_struct 96 88 8 > unix_skb_parms 32 24 8 > unity_map_entry 48 40 8 > uart_port 200 192 8 > tty_ldisc_ops 144 136 8 > tty_bufhead 152 144 8 > tty_audit_buf 72 64 8 > transaction_s 168 160 8 > tick_sched 248 240 8 > thread_struct 208 200 8 > sysfs_dirent 80 72 8 > sk_buff 192 184 8 > signal_struct 944 936 8 > sighand_struct 2088 2080 8 > sg_io_hdr 88 80 8 > serio 704 696 8 > semid_ds 88 80 8 > scsi_target 616 608 8 > scsi_pointer 64 56 8 > scm_cookie 40 32 8 > rt_rq 1760 1752 8 > rtc_device 744 736 8 > root_domain 1704 1696 8 > ring_buffer_per_cpu 112 104 8 > ring_buffer 72 64 8 > request 368 360 8 > rchan 376 368 8 > psmouse_protocol 48 40 8 > proto 336 328 8 > protection_domain 48 40 8 > prop_local_percpu 64 56 8 > proc_dir_entry 160 152 8 > power_supply 112 104 8 > pnp_card 632 624 8 > platform_device 520 512 8 > pid_namespace 2112 2104 8 > pglist_data 80576 80568 8 > perf_counter_context 80 72 8 > perf_counter 4408 4400 8 > pci_root_info 40 32 8 > old_serial_port 40 32 8 > net 592 584 8 > neigh_table 472 464 8 > neighbour 240 232 8 > ncp_mount_data_v4 80 72 8 > mtd_oob_ops 64 56 8 > msghdr 56 48 8 > mnt_namespace 64 56 8 > ml_device 888 880 8 > loop_info 168 160 8 > kprobe 128 120 8 > kparam_array 48 40 8 > kmem_cache 4352 4344 8 > irq_desc 192 184 8 > ip_sf_list 40 32 8 > ip_mc_list 168 160 8 > ipc_namespace 296 288 8 > input_dev 2352 2344 8 > inode 560 552 8 > inet_timewait_death_row 568 560 8 > inet6_ifaddr 184 176 8 > in_device 376 368 8 > i387_soft_struct 136 128 8 > hrtimer_cpu_base 160 152 8 > hid_field 112 104 8 > hid_device 7144 7136 8 > gen_estimator 112 104 8 > fs_quota_stat 80 72 8 > floppy_write_errors 40 32 8 > floppy_fdc_state 40 32 8 > flock 32 24 8 > fb_info 712 704 8 > ext3_sb_info 440 432 8 > ext3_inode_info 768 760 8 > dquot 232 224 8 > cpuinfo_x86 192 184 8 > clock_event_device 128 120 8 > cdrom_generic_command 64 56 8 > cache_detail 224 216 8 > bsg_device 160 152 8 > bsg_class_device 48 40 8 > blk_user_trace_setup 72 64 8 > blk_trace 96 88 8 > blkcipher_walk 112 104 8 > audit_watch 72 64 8 > atkbd 1488 1480 8 > ata_queued_cmd 224 216 8 > ata_host 72 64 8 > ata_device 1168 1160 8 > as_io_context 104 96 8 > amd_iommu 120 112 8 > agp_kern_info 80 72 8 > agp_bridge_data 200 192 8 > acpi_thermal 1472 1464 8 > acpi_pscope_state 56 48 8 > acpi_prt_entry 48 40 8 > acpi_processor_power 2112 2104 8 > acpi_processor_performance 112 104 8 > acpi_processor_cx 136 128 8 > acpi_blacklist_item 56 48 8 > tty_port 136 132 4 > scsi_host_cmd_pool 48 44 4 > rtentry32 84 80 4 > msqid_ds 104 100 4 > inotify_watch 64 60 4 > in6_rtmsg 80 76 4 > fown_struct 32 28 4 > fib_iter_state 56 52 4 > entropy_store 56 52 4 > compat_ncp_mount_data 56 52 4 > compat_loop_info 140 136 4 > compat_floppy_fdc_state 32 28 4 > compat_floppy_drive_params 88 84 4 > agp_allocate 24 20 4 > acpi_parse_obj_named 72 68 4 > fb_monspecs 144 141 3 > -- > To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-kernel" in > the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org > More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html > Please read the FAQ at http://www.tux.org/lkml/
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