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    Subject[take24 1/6] kevent: Description.
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    Description.


    diff --git a/Documentation/kevent.txt b/Documentation/kevent.txt
    new file mode 100644
    index 0000000..ca49e4b
    --- /dev/null
    +++ b/Documentation/kevent.txt
    @@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
    +Description.
    +
    +int kevent_ctl(int fd, unsigned int cmd, unsigned int num, struct ukevent *arg);
    +
    +fd - is the file descriptor referring to the kevent queue to manipulate.
    +It is created by opening "/dev/kevent" char device, which is created with
    +dynamic minor number and major number assigned for misc devices.
    +
    +cmd - is the requested operation. It can be one of the following:
    + KEVENT_CTL_ADD - add event notification
    + KEVENT_CTL_REMOVE - remove event notification
    + KEVENT_CTL_MODIFY - modify existing notification
    +
    +num - number of struct ukevent in the array pointed to by arg
    +arg - array of struct ukevent
    +
    +When called, kevent_ctl will carry out the operation specified in the
    +cmd parameter.
    +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    +
    + int kevent_get_events(int ctl_fd, unsigned int min_nr, unsigned int max_nr,
    + __u64 timeout, struct ukevent *buf, unsigned flags)
    +
    +ctl_fd - file descriptor referring to the kevent queue
    +min_nr - minimum number of completed events that kevent_get_events will block
    + waiting for
    +max_nr - number of struct ukevent in buf
    +timeout - number of nanoseconds to wait before returning less than min_nr
    + events. If this is -1, then wait forever.
    +buf - pointer to an array of struct ukevent.
    +flags - unused
    +
    +kevent_get_events will wait timeout milliseconds for at least min_nr completed
    +events, copying completed struct ukevents to buf and deleting any
    +KEVENT_REQ_ONESHOT event requests. In nonblocking mode it returns as many
    +events as possible, but not more than max_nr. In blocking mode it waits until
    +timeout or if at least min_nr events are ready.
    +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    +
    + int kevent_wait(int ctl_fd, unsigned int num, __u64 timeout)
    +
    +ctl_fd - file descriptor referring to the kevent queue
    +num - number of processed kevents
    +timeout - this timeout specifies number of nanoseconds to wait until there is
    + free space in kevent queue
    +
    +This syscall waits until either timeout expires or at least one event becomes
    +ready. It also copies that num events into special ring buffer and requeues
    +them (or removes depending on flags).
    +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    +
    + int kevent_ring_init(int ctl_fd, struct kevent_ring *ring, unsigned int num)
    +
    +ctl_fd - file descriptor referring to the kevent queue
    +num - size of the ring buffer in events
    +
    + struct kevent_ring
    + {
    + unsigned int ring_kidx;
    + struct ukevent event[0];
    + }
    +
    +ring_kidx - is an index in the ring buffer where kernel will put new events
    + when kevent_wait() or kevent_get_events() is called
    +
    +Example userspace code (ring_buffer.c) can be found on project's homepage.
    +
    +Each kevent syscall can be so called cancellation point in glibc, i.e. when
    +thread has been cancelled in kevent syscall, thread can be safely removed
    +and no events will be lost, since each syscall (kevent_wait() or
    +kevent_get_events()) will copy event into special ring buffer, accessible
    +from other threads or even processes (if shared memory is used).
    +
    +When kevent is removed (not dequeued when it is ready, but just removed),
    +even if it was ready, it is not copied into ring buffer, since if it is
    +removed, no one cares about it (otherwise user would wait until it becomes
    +ready and got it through usual way using kevent_get_events() or kevent_wait())
    +and thus no need to copy it to the ring buffer.
    +
    +It is possible with userspace ring buffer, that events in the ring buffer
    +can be replaced without knowledge for the thread currently reading them
    +(when other thread calls kevent_get_events() or kevent_wait()), so appropriate
    +locking between threads or processes, which can simultaneously access the same
    +ring buffer, is required.
    +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    +
    +The bulk of the interface is entirely done through the ukevent struct.
    +It is used to add event requests, modify existing event requests,
    +specify which event requests to remove, and return completed events.
    +
    +struct ukevent contains the following members:
    +
    +struct kevent_id id
    + Id of this request, e.g. socket number, file descriptor and so on
    +__u32 type
    + Event type, e.g. KEVENT_SOCK, KEVENT_INODE, KEVENT_TIMER and so on
    +__u32 event
    + Event itself, e.g. SOCK_ACCEPT, INODE_CREATED, TIMER_FIRED
    +__u32 req_flags
    + Per-event request flags,
    +
    + KEVENT_REQ_ONESHOT
    + event will be removed when it is ready
    +
    + KEVENT_REQ_WAKEUP_ONE
    + When several threads wait on the same kevent queue and requested the
    + same event, for example 'wake me up when new client has connected,
    + so I could call accept()', then all threads will be awakened when new
    + client has connected, but only one of them can process the data. This
    + problem is known as thundering nerd problem. Events which have this
    + flag set will not be marked as ready (and appropriate threads will
    + not be awakened) if at least one event has been already marked.
    +
    + KEVENT_REQ_ET
    + Edge Triggered behaviour. It is an optimisation which allows to move
    + ready and dequeued (i.e. copied to userspace) event to move into set
    + of interest for given storage (socket, inode and so on) again. It is
    + very usefull for cases when the same event should be used many times
    + (like reading from pipe). It is similar to epoll()'s EPOLLET flag.
    +
    + KEVENT_REQ_LAST_CHECK
    + if set allows to perform the last check on kevent (call appropriate
    + callback) when kevent is marked as ready and has been removed from
    + ready queue. If it will be confirmed that kevent is ready
    + (k->callbacks.callback(k) returns true) then kevent will be copied
    + to userspace, otherwise it will be requeued back to storage.
    + Second (checking) call is performed with this bit cleared, so callback
    + can detect when it was called from kevent_storage_ready() - bit is set,
    + or kevent_dequeue_ready() - bit is cleared. If kevent will be requeued,
    + bit will be set again.
    +
    +__u32 ret_flags
    + Per-event return flags
    +
    + KEVENT_RET_BROKEN
    + Kevent is broken
    +
    + KEVENT_RET_DONE
    + Kevent processing was finished successfully
    +
    + KEVENT_RET_COPY_FAILED
    + Kevent was not copied into ring buffer due to some error conditions.
    +
    +__u32 ret_data
    + Event return data. Event originator fills it with anything it likes
    + (for example timer notifications put number of milliseconds when timer
    + has fired
    +union { __u32 user[2]; void *ptr; }
    + User's data. It is not used, just copied to/from user. The whole structure
    + is aligned to 8 bytes already, so the last union is aligned properly.
    +
    +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    +
    +Usage
    +
    +For KEVENT_CTL_ADD, all fields relevant to the event type must be filled
    +(id, type, possibly event, req_flags).
    +After kevent_ctl(..., KEVENT_CTL_ADD, ...) returns each struct's ret_flags
    +should be checked to see if the event is already broken or done.
    +
    +For KEVENT_CTL_MODIFY, the id, req_flags, and user and event fields must be
    +set and an existing kevent request must have matching id and user fields. If
    +match is found, req_flags and event are replaced with the newly supplied
    +values and requeueing is started, so modified kevent can be checked and
    +probably marked as ready immediately. If a match can't be found, the
    +passed in ukevent's ret_flags has KEVENT_RET_BROKEN set. KEVENT_RET_DONE is
    +always set.
    +
    +For KEVENT_CTL_REMOVE, the id and user fields must be set and an existing
    +kevent request must have matching id and user fields. If a match is found,
    +the kevent request is removed. If a match can't be found, the passed in
    +ukevent's ret_flags has KEVENT_RET_BROKEN set. KEVENT_RET_DONE is always set.
    +
    +For kevent_get_events, the entire structure is returned.
    +
    +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    +
    +Usage cases
    +
    +kevent_timer
    +struct ukevent should contain following fields:
    + type - KEVENT_TIMER
    + event - KEVENT_TIMER_FIRED
    + req_flags - KEVENT_REQ_ONESHOT if you want to fire that timer only once
    + id.raw[0] - number of seconds after commit when this timer shout expire
    + id.raw[0] - additional to number of seconds number of nanoseconds
    -
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