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SubjectRe: [PATCH -mm -V3 00/21] mm, THP, swap: Swapout/swapin THP in one piece
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Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> writes:

> On Wed, May 23, 2018 at 04:26:04PM +0800, Huang, Ying wrote:
>> From: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
>>
>> Hi, Andrew, could you help me to check whether the overall design is
>> reasonable?
>>
>> Hi, Hugh, Shaohua, Minchan and Rik, could you help me to review the
>> swap part of the patchset? Especially [02/21], [03/21], [04/21],
>> [05/21], [06/21], [07/21], [08/21], [09/21], [10/21], [11/21],
>> [12/21], [20/21].
>>
>> Hi, Andrea and Kirill, could you help me to review the THP part of the
>> patchset? Especially [01/21], [07/21], [09/21], [11/21], [13/21],
>> [15/21], [16/21], [17/21], [18/21], [19/21], [20/21], [21/21].
>>
>> Hi, Johannes and Michal, could you help me to review the cgroup part
>> of the patchset? Especially [14/21].
>>
>> And for all, Any comment is welcome!
>
> Hi Ying Huang,
> I've read through this series and find no issue.

Thanks a lot for your review!

> It seems that thp swapout never happens if swap devices are backed by
> rotation storages. I guess that's because this feature depends on swap
> cluster searching algorithm which only supports non-rotational storages.
>
> I think that this limitation is OK because non-rotational storage is
> better for swap device (most future users will use it). But I think
> it's better to document the limitation somewhere because swap cluster
> is in-kernel thing and we can't assume that end users know about it.

Yes. I will try to document it somewhere.

Best Regards,
Huang, Ying

> Thanks,
> Naoya Horiguchi
>
>>
>> This patchset is based on the 2018-05-18 head of mmotm/master.
>>
>> This is the final step of THP (Transparent Huge Page) swap
>> optimization. After the first and second step, the splitting huge
>> page is delayed from almost the first step of swapout to after swapout
>> has been finished. In this step, we avoid splitting THP for swapout
>> and swapout/swapin the THP in one piece.
>>
>> We tested the patchset with vm-scalability benchmark swap-w-seq test
>> case, with 16 processes. The test case forks 16 processes. Each
>> process allocates large anonymous memory range, and writes it from
>> begin to end for 8 rounds. The first round will swapout, while the
>> remaining rounds will swapin and swapout. The test is done on a Xeon
>> E5 v3 system, the swap device used is a RAM simulated PMEM (persistent
>> memory) device. The test result is as follow,
>>
>> base optimized
>> ---------------- --------------------------
>> %stddev %change %stddev
>> \ | \
>> 1417897 ± 2% +992.8% 15494673 vm-scalability.throughput
>> 1020489 ± 4% +1091.2% 12156349 vmstat.swap.si
>> 1255093 ± 3% +940.3% 13056114 vmstat.swap.so
>> 1259769 ± 7% +1818.3% 24166779 meminfo.AnonHugePages
>> 28021761 -10.7% 25018848 ± 2% meminfo.AnonPages
>> 64080064 ± 4% -95.6% 2787565 ± 33% interrupts.CAL:Function_call_interrupts
>> 13.91 ± 5% -13.8 0.10 ± 27% perf-profile.children.cycles-pp.native_queued_spin_lock_slowpath
>>
>> Where, the score of benchmark (bytes written per second) improved
>> 992.8%. The swapout/swapin throughput improved 1008% (from about
>> 2.17GB/s to 24.04GB/s). The performance difference is huge. In base
>> kernel, for the first round of writing, the THP is swapout and split,
>> so in the remaining rounds, there is only normal page swapin and
>> swapout. While in optimized kernel, the THP is kept after first
>> swapout, so THP swapin and swapout is used in the remaining rounds.
>> This shows the key benefit to swapout/swapin THP in one piece, the THP
>> will be kept instead of being split. meminfo information verified
>> this, in base kernel only 4.5% of anonymous page are THP during the
>> test, while in optimized kernel, that is 96.6%. The TLB flushing IPI
>> (represented as interrupts.CAL:Function_call_interrupts) reduced
>> 95.6%, while cycles for spinlock reduced from 13.9% to 0.1%. These
>> are performance benefit of THP swapout/swapin too.
>>
>> Below is the description for all steps of THP swap optimization.
>>
>> Recently, the performance of the storage devices improved so fast that
>> we cannot saturate the disk bandwidth with single logical CPU when do
>> page swapping even on a high-end server machine. Because the
>> performance of the storage device improved faster than that of single
>> logical CPU. And it seems that the trend will not change in the near
>> future. On the other hand, the THP becomes more and more popular
>> because of increased memory size. So it becomes necessary to optimize
>> THP swap performance.
>>
>> The advantages to swapout/swapin a THP in one piece include:
>>
>> - Batch various swap operations for the THP. Many operations need to
>> be done once per THP instead of per normal page, for example,
>> allocating/freeing the swap space, writing/reading the swap space,
>> flushing TLB, page fault, etc. This will improve the performance of
>> the THP swap greatly.
>>
>> - The THP swap space read/write will be large sequential IO (2M on
>> x86_64). It is particularly helpful for the swapin, which are
>> usually 4k random IO. This will improve the performance of the THP
>> swap too.
>>
>> - It will help the memory fragmentation, especially when the THP is
>> heavily used by the applications. The THP order pages will be free
>> up after THP swapout.
>>
>> - It will improve the THP utilization on the system with the swap
>> turned on. Because the speed for khugepaged to collapse the normal
>> pages into the THP is quite slow. After the THP is split during the
>> swapout, it will take quite long time for the normal pages to
>> collapse back into the THP after being swapin. The high THP
>> utilization helps the efficiency of the page based memory management
>> too.
>>
>> There are some concerns regarding THP swapin, mainly because possible
>> enlarged read/write IO size (for swapout/swapin) may put more overhead
>> on the storage device. To deal with that, the THP swapin is turned on
>> only when necessary. A new sysfs interface:
>> /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/swapin_enabled is added to
>> configure it. It uses "always/never/madvise" logic, to be turned on
>> globally, turned off globally, or turned on only for VMA with
>> MADV_HUGEPAGE, etc.
>> GE, etc.
>>
>> Changelog
>> ---------
>>
>> v3:
>>
>> - Rebased on 5/18 HEAD of mmotm/master
>>
>> - Fixed a build bug, Thanks 0-Day!
>>
>> v2:
>>
>> - Fixed several build bugs, Thanks 0-Day!
>>
>> - Improved documentation as suggested by Randy Dunlap.
>>
>> - Fixed several bugs in reading huge swap cluster
>>

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