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Subject[PATCH v3 09/31] arm64: Cache maintenance routines
Date
The patch adds functionality required for cache maintenance. The AArch64
architecture mandates non-aliasing VIPT or PIPT D-cache and VIPT (may
have aliases) or ASID-tagged VIVT I-cache. Cache maintenance operations
are automatically broadcast in hardware between CPUs.

Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Acked-by: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com>
---
arch/arm64/include/asm/cache.h | 32 +++++
arch/arm64/include/asm/cacheflush.h | 168 +++++++++++++++++++++++
arch/arm64/include/asm/cachetype.h | 48 +++++++
arch/arm64/mm/cache.S | 251 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
arch/arm64/mm/flush.c | 138 +++++++++++++++++++
5 files changed, 637 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 arch/arm64/include/asm/cache.h
create mode 100644 arch/arm64/include/asm/cacheflush.h
create mode 100644 arch/arm64/include/asm/cachetype.h
create mode 100644 arch/arm64/mm/cache.S
create mode 100644 arch/arm64/mm/flush.c

diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/cache.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/cache.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..390308a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/cache.h
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 ARM Ltd.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+#ifndef __ASM_CACHE_H
+#define __ASM_CACHE_H
+
+#define L1_CACHE_SHIFT 6
+#define L1_CACHE_BYTES (1 << L1_CACHE_SHIFT)
+
+/*
+ * Memory returned by kmalloc() may be used for DMA, so we must make
+ * sure that all such allocations are cache aligned. Otherwise,
+ * unrelated code may cause parts of the buffer to be read into the
+ * cache before the transfer is done, causing old data to be seen by
+ * the CPU.
+ */
+#define ARCH_DMA_MINALIGN L1_CACHE_BYTES
+#define ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN 8
+
+#endif
diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/cacheflush.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/cacheflush.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0bb9853
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/cacheflush.h
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+/*
+ * Based on arch/arm/include/asm/cacheflush.h
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 1999-2002 Russell King.
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 ARM Ltd.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+#ifndef __ASM_CACHEFLUSH_H
+#define __ASM_CACHEFLUSH_H
+
+#include <linux/mm.h>
+
+/*
+ * This flag is used to indicate that the page pointed to by a pte is clean
+ * and does not require cleaning before returning it to the user.
+ */
+#define PG_dcache_clean PG_arch_1
+
+/*
+ * MM Cache Management
+ * ===================
+ *
+ * The arch/arm64/mm/cache.S implements these methods.
+ *
+ * Start addresses are inclusive and end addresses are exclusive; start
+ * addresses should be rounded down, end addresses up.
+ *
+ * See Documentation/cachetlb.txt for more information. Please note that
+ * the implementation assumes non-aliasing VIPT D-cache and (aliasing)
+ * VIPT or ASID-tagged VIVT I-cache.
+ *
+ * flush_cache_all()
+ *
+ * Unconditionally clean and invalidate the entire cache.
+ *
+ * flush_cache_mm(mm)
+ *
+ * Clean and invalidate all user space cache entries
+ * before a change of page tables.
+ *
+ * flush_icache_range(start, end)
+ *
+ * Ensure coherency between the I-cache and the D-cache in the
+ * region described by start, end.
+ * - start - virtual start address
+ * - end - virtual end address
+ *
+ * __flush_cache_user_range(start, end)
+ *
+ * Ensure coherency between the I-cache and the D-cache in the
+ * region described by start, end.
+ * - start - virtual start address
+ * - end - virtual end address
+ *
+ * __flush_dcache_area(kaddr, size)
+ *
+ * Ensure that the data held in page is written back.
+ * - kaddr - page address
+ * - size - region size
+ */
+extern void flush_cache_all(void);
+extern void flush_cache_mm(struct mm_struct *mm);
+extern void flush_cache_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start, unsigned long end);
+extern void flush_cache_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long user_addr, unsigned long pfn);
+extern void flush_icache_range(unsigned long start, unsigned long end);
+extern void __flush_dcache_area(void *addr, size_t len);
+extern void __flush_cache_user_range(unsigned long start, unsigned long end);
+
+/*
+ * These are private to the dma-mapping API. Do not use directly.
+ * Their sole purpose is to ensure that data held in the cache
+ * is visible to DMA, or data written by DMA to system memory is
+ * visible to the CPU.
+ */
+extern void dmac_map_area(const void *, size_t, int);
+extern void dmac_unmap_area(const void *, size_t, int);
+extern void dmac_flush_range(const void *, const void *);
+
+/*
+ * Copy user data from/to a page which is mapped into a different
+ * processes address space. Really, we want to allow our "user
+ * space" model to handle this.
+ */
+extern void copy_to_user_page(struct vm_area_struct *, struct page *,
+ unsigned long, void *, const void *, unsigned long);
+#define copy_from_user_page(vma, page, vaddr, dst, src, len) \
+ do { \
+ memcpy(dst, src, len); \
+ } while (0)
+
+#define flush_cache_dup_mm(mm) flush_cache_mm(mm)
+
+/*
+ * flush_dcache_page is used when the kernel has written to the page
+ * cache page at virtual address page->virtual.
+ *
+ * If this page isn't mapped (ie, page_mapping == NULL), or it might
+ * have userspace mappings, then we _must_ always clean + invalidate
+ * the dcache entries associated with the kernel mapping.
+ *
+ * Otherwise we can defer the operation, and clean the cache when we are
+ * about to change to user space. This is the same method as used on SPARC64.
+ * See update_mmu_cache for the user space part.
+ */
+#define ARCH_IMPLEMENTS_FLUSH_DCACHE_PAGE 1
+extern void flush_dcache_page(struct page *);
+
+static inline void __flush_icache_all(void)
+{
+ asm("ic ialluis");
+}
+
+#define ARCH_HAS_FLUSH_ANON_PAGE
+static inline void flush_anon_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+ struct page *page, unsigned long vmaddr)
+{
+ extern void __flush_anon_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+ struct page *, unsigned long);
+ if (PageAnon(page))
+ __flush_anon_page(vma, page, vmaddr);
+}
+
+#define flush_dcache_mmap_lock(mapping) \
+ spin_lock_irq(&(mapping)->tree_lock)
+#define flush_dcache_mmap_unlock(mapping) \
+ spin_unlock_irq(&(mapping)->tree_lock)
+
+#define flush_icache_user_range(vma,page,addr,len) \
+ flush_dcache_page(page)
+
+/*
+ * We don't appear to need to do anything here. In fact, if we did, we'd
+ * duplicate cache flushing elsewhere performed by flush_dcache_page().
+ */
+#define flush_icache_page(vma,page) do { } while (0)
+
+/*
+ * flush_cache_vmap() is used when creating mappings (eg, via vmap,
+ * vmalloc, ioremap etc) in kernel space for pages. On non-VIPT
+ * caches, since the direct-mappings of these pages may contain cached
+ * data, we need to do a full cache flush to ensure that writebacks
+ * don't corrupt data placed into these pages via the new mappings.
+ */
+static inline void flush_cache_vmap(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
+{
+ /*
+ * set_pte_at() called from vmap_pte_range() does not
+ * have a DSB after cleaning the cache line.
+ */
+ dsb();
+}
+
+static inline void flush_cache_vunmap(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
+{
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/cachetype.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/cachetype.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..85f5f51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/cachetype.h
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 ARM Ltd.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+#ifndef __ASM_CACHETYPE_H
+#define __ASM_CACHETYPE_H
+
+#include <asm/cputype.h>
+
+#define CTR_L1IP_SHIFT 14
+#define CTR_L1IP_MASK 3
+
+#define ICACHE_POLICY_RESERVED 0
+#define ICACHE_POLICY_AIVIVT 1
+#define ICACHE_POLICY_VIPT 2
+#define ICACHE_POLICY_PIPT 3
+
+static inline u32 icache_policy(void)
+{
+ return (read_cpuid_cachetype() >> CTR_L1IP_SHIFT) & CTR_L1IP_MASK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Whilst the D-side always behaves as PIPT on AArch64, aliasing is
+ * permitted in the I-cache.
+ */
+static inline int icache_is_aliasing(void)
+{
+ return icache_policy() != ICACHE_POLICY_PIPT;
+}
+
+static inline int icache_is_aivivt(void)
+{
+ return icache_policy() == ICACHE_POLICY_AIVIVT;
+}
+
+#endif /* __ASM_CACHETYPE_H */
diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/cache.S b/arch/arm64/mm/cache.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3df0aa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/arm64/mm/cache.S
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+/*
+ * Cache maintenance
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2001 Deep Blue Solutions Ltd.
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 ARM Ltd.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/linkage.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <asm/assembler.h>
+
+#include "proc-macros.S"
+
+/*
+ * __flush_dcache_all()
+ *
+ * Flush the whole D-cache.
+ *
+ * Corrupted registers: x0-x7, x9-x11
+ */
+ENTRY(__flush_dcache_all)
+ dsb sy // ensure ordering with previous memory accesses
+ mrs x0, clidr_el1 // read clidr
+ and x3, x0, #0x7000000 // extract loc from clidr
+ lsr x3, x3, #23 // left align loc bit field
+ cbz x3, finished // if loc is 0, then no need to clean
+ mov x10, #0 // start clean at cache level 0
+loop1:
+ add x2, x10, x10, lsr #1 // work out 3x current cache level
+ lsr x1, x0, x2 // extract cache type bits from clidr
+ and x1, x1, #7 // mask of the bits for current cache only
+ cmp x1, #2 // see what cache we have at this level
+ b.lt skip // skip if no cache, or just i-cache
+ save_and_disable_irqs x9 // make CSSELR and CCSIDR access atomic
+ msr csselr_el1, x10 // select current cache level in csselr
+ isb // isb to sych the new cssr&csidr
+ mrs x1, ccsidr_el1 // read the new ccsidr
+ restore_irqs x9
+ and x2, x1, #7 // extract the length of the cache lines
+ add x2, x2, #4 // add 4 (line length offset)
+ mov x4, #0x3ff
+ and x4, x4, x1, lsr #3 // find maximum number on the way size
+ clz x5, x4 // find bit position of way size increment
+ mov x7, #0x7fff
+ and x7, x7, x1, lsr #13 // extract max number of the index size
+loop2:
+ mov x9, x4 // create working copy of max way size
+loop3:
+ lsl x6, x9, x5
+ orr x11, x10, x6 // factor way and cache number into x11
+ lsl x6, x7, x2
+ orr x11, x11, x6 // factor index number into x11
+ dc cisw, x11 // clean & invalidate by set/way
+ subs x9, x9, #1 // decrement the way
+ b.ge loop3
+ subs x7, x7, #1 // decrement the index
+ b.ge loop2
+skip:
+ add x10, x10, #2 // increment cache number
+ cmp x3, x10
+ b.gt loop1
+finished:
+ mov x10, #0 // swith back to cache level 0
+ msr csselr_el1, x10 // select current cache level in csselr
+ dsb sy
+ isb
+ ret
+ENDPROC(__flush_dcache_all)
+
+/*
+ * flush_cache_all()
+ *
+ * Flush the entire cache system. The data cache flush is now achieved
+ * using atomic clean / invalidates working outwards from L1 cache. This
+ * is done using Set/Way based cache maintainance instructions. The
+ * instruction cache can still be invalidated back to the point of
+ * unification in a single instruction.
+ */
+ENTRY(flush_cache_all)
+ mov x12, lr
+ bl __flush_dcache_all
+ mov x0, #0
+ ic ialluis // I+BTB cache invalidate
+ ret x12
+ENDPROC(flush_cache_all)
+
+/*
+ * flush_icache_range(start,end)
+ *
+ * Ensure that the I and D caches are coherent within specified region.
+ * This is typically used when code has been written to a memory region,
+ * and will be executed.
+ *
+ * - start - virtual start address of region
+ * - end - virtual end address of region
+ */
+ENTRY(flush_icache_range)
+ /* FALLTHROUGH */
+
+/*
+ * __flush_cache_user_range(start,end)
+ *
+ * Ensure that the I and D caches are coherent within specified region.
+ * This is typically used when code has been written to a memory region,
+ * and will be executed.
+ *
+ * - start - virtual start address of region
+ * - end - virtual end address of region
+ */
+ENTRY(__flush_cache_user_range)
+ dcache_line_size x2, x3
+ sub x3, x2, #1
+ bic x4, x0, x3
+1:
+USER(9f, dc cvau, x4 ) // clean D line to PoU
+ add x4, x4, x2
+ cmp x4, x1
+ b.lo 1b
+ dsb sy
+
+ icache_line_size x2, x3
+ sub x3, x2, #1
+ bic x4, x0, x3
+1:
+USER(9f, ic ivau, x4 ) // invalidate I line PoU
+ add x4, x4, x2
+ cmp x4, x1
+ b.lo 1b
+9: // ignore any faulting cache operation
+ dsb sy
+ isb
+ ret
+ENDPROC(flush_icache_range)
+ENDPROC(__flush_cache_user_range)
+
+/*
+ * __flush_kern_dcache_page(kaddr)
+ *
+ * Ensure that the data held in the page kaddr is written back to the
+ * page in question.
+ *
+ * - kaddr - kernel address
+ * - size - size in question
+ */
+ENTRY(__flush_dcache_area)
+ dcache_line_size x2, x3
+ add x1, x0, x1
+ sub x3, x2, #1
+ bic x0, x0, x3
+1: dc civac, x0 // clean & invalidate D line / unified line
+ add x0, x0, x2
+ cmp x0, x1
+ b.lo 1b
+ dsb sy
+ ret
+ENDPROC(__flush_dcache_area)
+
+/*
+ * dmac_inv_range(start,end)
+ *
+ * Invalidate the data cache within the specified region; we will be
+ * performing a DMA operation in this region and we want to purge old
+ * data in the cache.
+ *
+ * - start - virtual start address of region
+ * - end - virtual end address of region
+ */
+ENTRY(dmac_inv_range)
+ dcache_line_size x2, x3
+ sub x3, x2, #1
+ bic x0, x0, x3
+ bic x1, x1, x3
+1: dc ivac, x0 // invalidate D / U line
+ add x0, x0, x2
+ cmp x0, x1
+ b.lo 1b
+ dsb sy
+ ret
+ENDPROC(dmac_inv_range)
+
+/*
+ * dmac_clean_range(start,end)
+ * - start - virtual start address of region
+ * - end - virtual end address of region
+ */
+ENTRY(dmac_clean_range)
+ dcache_line_size x2, x3
+ sub x3, x2, #1
+ bic x0, x0, x3
+1: dc cvac, x0 // clean D / U line
+ add x0, x0, x2
+ cmp x0, x1
+ b.lo 1b
+ dsb sy
+ ret
+ENDPROC(dmac_clean_range)
+
+/*
+ * dmac_flush_range(start,end)
+ * - start - virtual start address of region
+ * - end - virtual end address of region
+ */
+ENTRY(dmac_flush_range)
+ dcache_line_size x2, x3
+ sub x3, x2, #1
+ bic x0, x0, x3
+1: dc civac, x0 // clean & invalidate D / U line
+ add x0, x0, x2
+ cmp x0, x1
+ b.lo 1b
+ dsb sy
+ ret
+ENDPROC(dmac_flush_range)
+
+/*
+ * dmac_map_area(start, size, dir)
+ * - start - kernel virtual start address
+ * - size - size of region
+ * - dir - DMA direction
+ */
+ENTRY(dmac_map_area)
+ add x1, x1, x0
+ cmp x2, #DMA_FROM_DEVICE
+ b.eq dmac_inv_range
+ b dmac_clean_range
+ENDPROC(dmac_map_area)
+
+/*
+ * dmac_unmap_area(start, size, dir)
+ * - start - kernel virtual start address
+ * - size - size of region
+ * - dir - DMA direction
+ */
+ENTRY(dmac_unmap_area)
+ add x1, x1, x0
+ cmp x2, #DMA_TO_DEVICE
+ b.ne dmac_inv_range
+ ret
+ENDPROC(dmac_unmap_area)
diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/flush.c b/arch/arm64/mm/flush.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6138d86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/arm64/mm/flush.c
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+/*
+ * Based on arch/arm/mm/flush.c
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 1995-2002 Russell King
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 ARM Ltd.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/export.h>
+#include <linux/mm.h>
+#include <linux/pagemap.h>
+
+#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
+#include <asm/cachetype.h>
+#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
+
+#include "mm.h"
+
+void flush_cache_mm(struct mm_struct *mm)
+{
+}
+
+void flush_cache_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start,
+ unsigned long end)
+{
+ if (vma->vm_flags & VM_EXEC)
+ __flush_icache_all();
+}
+
+void flush_cache_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long user_addr,
+ unsigned long pfn)
+{
+}
+
+static void flush_ptrace_access(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct page *page,
+ unsigned long uaddr, void *kaddr,
+ unsigned long len)
+{
+ if (vma->vm_flags & VM_EXEC) {
+ unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)kaddr;
+ if (icache_is_aliasing()) {
+ __flush_dcache_area(kaddr, len);
+ __flush_icache_all();
+ } else {
+ flush_icache_range(addr, addr + len);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Copy user data from/to a page which is mapped into a different processes
+ * address space. Really, we want to allow our "user space" model to handle
+ * this.
+ *
+ * Note that this code needs to run on the current CPU.
+ */
+void copy_to_user_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct page *page,
+ unsigned long uaddr, void *dst, const void *src,
+ unsigned long len)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
+ preempt_disable();
+#endif
+ memcpy(dst, src, len);
+ flush_ptrace_access(vma, page, uaddr, dst, len);
+#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
+ preempt_enable();
+#endif
+}
+
+void __flush_dcache_page(struct address_space *mapping, struct page *page)
+{
+ __flush_dcache_area(page_address(page), PAGE_SIZE);
+}
+
+void __sync_icache_dcache(pte_t pte)
+{
+ unsigned long pfn;
+ struct page *page;
+
+ pfn = pte_pfn(pte);
+ if (!pfn_valid(pfn))
+ return;
+
+ page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
+ if (!test_and_set_bit(PG_dcache_clean, &page->flags))
+ __flush_dcache_page(NULL, page);
+ __flush_icache_all();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Ensure cache coherency between kernel mapping and userspace mapping of this
+ * page.
+ */
+void flush_dcache_page(struct page *page)
+{
+ struct address_space *mapping;
+
+ /*
+ * The zero page is never written to, so never has any dirty cache
+ * lines, and therefore never needs to be flushed.
+ */
+ if (page == ZERO_PAGE(0))
+ return;
+
+ mapping = page_mapping(page);
+
+ if (mapping && !mapping_mapped(mapping))
+ clear_bit(PG_dcache_clean, &page->flags);
+ else {
+ __flush_dcache_page(mapping, page);
+ if (mapping)
+ __flush_icache_all();
+ set_bit(PG_dcache_clean, &page->flags);
+ }
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(flush_dcache_page);
+
+void __flush_anon_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct page *page, unsigned long vmaddr)
+{
+}
+
+/*
+ * Additional functions defined in assembly.
+ */
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(flush_cache_all);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(flush_icache_range);


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