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    Subject[PATCH v11 12/12] Documentation: prctl/seccomp_filter
    Date
    Documents how system call filtering using Berkeley Packet
    Filter programs works and how it may be used.
    Includes an example for x86 (32-bit) and a semi-generic
    example using a macro-based code generator.

    v11: - overhaul return value language, updates (keescook@chromium.org)
    - comment on do_exit(SIGSYS)
    v10: - update for SIGSYS
    - update for new seccomp_data layout
    - update for ptrace option use
    v9: - updated bpf-direct.c for SIGILL
    v8: - add PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS to the samples.
    v7: - updated for all the new stuff in v7: TRAP, TRACE
    - only talk about PR_SET_SECCOMP now
    - fixed bad JLE32 check (coreyb@linux.vnet.ibm.com)
    - adds dropper.c: a simple system call disabler
    v6: - tweak the language to note the requirement of
    PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS being called prior to use. (luto@mit.edu)
    v5: - update sample to use system call arguments
    - adds a "fancy" example using a macro-based generator
    - cleaned up bpf in the sample
    - update docs to mention arguments
    - fix prctl value (eparis@redhat.com)
    - language cleanup (rdunlap@xenotime.net)
    v4: - update for no_new_privs use
    - minor tweaks
    v3: - call out BPF <-> Berkeley Packet Filter (rdunlap@xenotime.net)
    - document use of tentative always-unprivileged
    - guard sample compilation for i386 and x86_64
    v2: - move code to samples (corbet@lwn.net)

    Signed-off-by: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
    ---
    Documentation/prctl/seccomp_filter.txt | 150 ++++++++++++++++++++
    samples/Makefile | 2 +-
    samples/seccomp/Makefile | 31 ++++
    samples/seccomp/bpf-direct.c | 150 ++++++++++++++++++++
    samples/seccomp/bpf-fancy.c | 102 ++++++++++++++
    samples/seccomp/bpf-helper.c | 89 ++++++++++++
    samples/seccomp/bpf-helper.h | 236 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    samples/seccomp/dropper.c | 68 +++++++++
    8 files changed, 827 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
    create mode 100644 Documentation/prctl/seccomp_filter.txt
    create mode 100644 samples/seccomp/Makefile
    create mode 100644 samples/seccomp/bpf-direct.c
    create mode 100644 samples/seccomp/bpf-fancy.c
    create mode 100644 samples/seccomp/bpf-helper.c
    create mode 100644 samples/seccomp/bpf-helper.h
    create mode 100644 samples/seccomp/dropper.c

    diff --git a/Documentation/prctl/seccomp_filter.txt b/Documentation/prctl/seccomp_filter.txt
    new file mode 100644
    index 0000000..4e78773
    --- /dev/null
    +++ b/Documentation/prctl/seccomp_filter.txt
    @@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
    + SECure COMPuting with filters
    + =============================
    +
    +Introduction
    +------------
    +
    +A large number of system calls are exposed to every userland process
    +with many of them going unused for the entire lifetime of the process.
    +As system calls change and mature, bugs are found and eradicated. A
    +certain subset of userland applications benefit by having a reduced set
    +of available system calls. The resulting set reduces the total kernel
    +surface exposed to the application. System call filtering is meant for
    +use with those applications.
    +
    +Seccomp filtering provides a means for a process to specify a filter for
    +incoming system calls. The filter is expressed as a Berkeley Packet
    +Filter (BPF) program, as with socket filters, except that the data
    +operated on is related to the system call being made: system call
    +number and the system call arguments. This allows for expressive
    +filtering of system calls using a filter program language with a long
    +history of being exposed to userland and a straightforward data set.
    +
    +Additionally, BPF makes it impossible for users of seccomp to fall prey
    +to time-of-check-time-of-use (TOCTOU) attacks that are common in system
    +call interposition frameworks. BPF programs may not dereference
    +pointers which constrains all filters to solely evaluating the system
    +call arguments directly.
    +
    +What it isn't
    +-------------
    +
    +System call filtering isn't a sandbox. It provides a clearly defined
    +mechanism for minimizing the exposed kernel surface. It is meant to be
    +a tool for sandbox developers to use. Beyond that, policy for logical
    +behavior and information flow should be managed with a combination of
    +other system hardening techniques and, potentially, an LSM of your
    +choosing. Expressive, dynamic filters provide further options down this
    +path (avoiding pathological sizes or selecting which of the multiplexed
    +system calls in socketcall() is allowed, for instance) which could be
    +construed, incorrectly, as a more complete sandboxing solution.
    +
    +Usage
    +-----
    +
    +An additional seccomp mode is added and is enabled using the same
    +prctl(2) call as the strict seccomp. If the architecture has
    +CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_SECCOMP_FILTER, then filters may be added as below:
    +
    +PR_SET_SECCOMP:
    + Now takes an additional argument which specifies a new filter
    + using a BPF program.
    + The BPF program will be executed over struct seccomp_data
    + reflecting the system call number, arguments, and other
    + metadata. The BPF program must then return one of the
    + acceptable values to inform the kernel which action should be
    + taken.
    +
    + Usage:
    + prctl(PR_SET_SECCOMP, SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER, prog);
    +
    + The 'prog' argument is a pointer to a struct sock_fprog which
    + will contain the filter program. If the program is invalid, the
    + call will return -1 and set errno to EINVAL.
    +
    + Note, is_compat_task is also tracked for the @prog. This means
    + that once set the calling task will have all of its system calls
    + blocked if it switches its system call ABI.
    +
    + If fork/clone and execve are allowed by @prog, any child
    + processes will be constrained to the same filters and system
    + call ABI as the parent.
    +
    + Prior to use, the task must call prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1) or
    + run with CAP_SYS_ADMIN privileges in its namespace. If these are not
    + true, -EACCES will be returned. This requirement ensures that filter
    + programs cannot be applied to child processes with greater privileges
    + than the task that installed them.
    +
    + Additionally, if prctl(2) is allowed by the attached filter,
    + additional filters may be layered on which will increase evaluation
    + time, but allow for further decreasing the attack surface during
    + execution of a process.
    +
    +The above call returns 0 on success and non-zero on error.
    +
    +Return values
    +-------------
    +A seccomp filter may return any of the following values. If multiple
    +filters exist, the return value for the evaluation of a given system
    +call will always use the highest precedent value. (For example,
    +SECCOMP_RET_KILL will always take precedence.)
    +
    +In precedence order, they are:
    +
    +SECCOMP_RET_KILL:
    + Results in the task exiting immediately without executing the
    + system call. The exit status of the task (status & 0x7f) will
    + be SIGSYS, not SIGKILL.
    +
    +SECCOMP_RET_TRAP:
    + Results in the kernel sending a SIGSYS signal to the triggering
    + task without executing the system call. The kernel will
    + rollback the register state to just before the system call
    + entry such that a signal handler in the task will be able to
    + inspect the ucontext_t->uc_mcontext registers and emulate
    + system call success or failure upon return from the signal
    + handler.
    +
    + SIGSYS triggered by seccomp will have a si_code of SYS_SECCOMP.
    +
    +SECCOMP_RET_ERRNO:
    + Results in the lower 16-bits of the return value being passed
    + to userland as the errno without executing the system call.
    +
    +SECCOMP_RET_TRACE:
    + When returned, this value will cause the kernel to attempt to
    + notify a ptrace()-based tracer prior to executing the system
    + call. This return value is only valid if the task is currently
    + being traced (TIF_SYSCALL_TRACE). If it is not being traced or
    + the ptrace options are invalid, -ENOSYS is returned to userland
    + and the system call is not executed.
    +
    + A tracer will be notified if it requests PTRACE_O_TRACESECCOMP
    + using ptrace(PTRACE_SETOPTIONS) and traces the process using
    + ptrace(PTRACE_SYSCALL). This feature allows seccomp filter
    + programs to act as in-kernel accelerators for ptrace-based
    + system call filtering frameworks.
    +
    +SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW:
    + Results in the system call being executed.
    +
    +If multiple filters exist, the return value for the evaluation of a
    +given system call will always use the highest precedent value. For
    +example, SECCOMP_RET_KILL will always take precedence.
    +
    +
    +Example
    +-------
    +
    +The samples/seccomp/ directory contains both a 32-bit specific example
    +and a more generic example of a higher level macro interface for BPF
    +program generation.
    +
    +Adding architecture support
    +-----------------------
    +
    +See arch/Kconfig for the required functionality. In general, if an
    +architecture supports both tracehook and seccomp, it will be able to
    +support seccomp filter with minor alteration. Then it must just add
    +CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_SECCOMP_FILTER to its arch-specific Kconfig.
    diff --git a/samples/Makefile b/samples/Makefile
    index 6280817..f29b19c 100644
    --- a/samples/Makefile
    +++ b/samples/Makefile
    @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
    # Makefile for Linux samples code

    obj-$(CONFIG_SAMPLES) += kobject/ kprobes/ tracepoints/ trace_events/ \
    - hw_breakpoint/ kfifo/ kdb/ hidraw/
    + hw_breakpoint/ kfifo/ kdb/ hidraw/ seccomp/
    diff --git a/samples/seccomp/Makefile b/samples/seccomp/Makefile
    new file mode 100644
    index 0000000..38922f7
    --- /dev/null
    +++ b/samples/seccomp/Makefile
    @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
    +# kbuild trick to avoid linker error. Can be omitted if a module is built.
    +obj- := dummy.o
    +
    +hostprogs-$(CONFIG_SECCOMP) := bpf-fancy dropper
    +bpf-fancy-objs := bpf-fancy.o bpf-helper.o
    +
    +HOSTCFLAGS_bpf-fancy.o += -I$(objtree)/usr/include
    +HOSTCFLAGS_bpf-fancy.o += -idirafter $(objtree)/include
    +HOSTCFLAGS_bpf-helper.o += -I$(objtree)/usr/include
    +HOSTCFLAGS_bpf-helper.o += -idirafter $(objtree)/include
    +
    +HOSTCFLAGS_dropper.o += -I$(objtree)/usr/include
    +HOSTCFLAGS_dropper.o += -idirafter $(objtree)/include
    +dropper-objs := dropper.o
    +
    +# bpf-direct.c is x86-only.
    +ifeq ($(filter-out x86_64 i386,$(KBUILD_BUILDHOST)),)
    +# List of programs to build
    +hostprogs-$(CONFIG_SECCOMP) += bpf-direct
    +bpf-direct-objs := bpf-direct.o
    +endif
    +
    +# Tell kbuild to always build the programs
    +always := $(hostprogs-y)
    +
    +HOSTCFLAGS_bpf-direct.o += -I$(objtree)/usr/include
    +HOSTCFLAGS_bpf-direct.o += -idirafter $(objtree)/include
    +ifeq ($(KBUILD_BUILDHOST),x86_64)
    +HOSTCFLAGS_bpf-direct.o += -m32
    +HOSTLOADLIBES_bpf-direct += -m32
    +endif
    diff --git a/samples/seccomp/bpf-direct.c b/samples/seccomp/bpf-direct.c
    new file mode 100644
    index 0000000..56e5443
    --- /dev/null
    +++ b/samples/seccomp/bpf-direct.c
    @@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
    +/*
    + * 32-bit seccomp filter example with BPF macros
    + *
    + * Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium OS Authors <chromium-os-dev@chromium.org>
    + * Author: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
    + *
    + * The code may be used by anyone for any purpose,
    + * and can serve as a starting point for developing
    + * applications using prctl(PR_SET_SECCOMP, 2, ...).
    + */
    +#define __USE_GNU 1
    +#define _GNU_SOURCE 1
    +
    +#include <linux/types.h>
    +#include <linux/filter.h>
    +#include <linux/seccomp.h>
    +#include <linux/unistd.h>
    +#include <signal.h>
    +#include <stdio.h>
    +#include <stddef.h>
    +#include <string.h>
    +#include <sys/prctl.h>
    +#include <unistd.h>
    +
    +#define syscall_arg(_n) (offsetof(struct seccomp_data, args[_n]))
    +#define syscall_nr (offsetof(struct seccomp_data, nr))
    +
    +#ifndef PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS
    +#define PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS 36
    +#endif
    +
    +#ifndef SYS_SECCOMP
    +#define SYS_SECCOMP 1
    +#endif
    +
    +static void emulator(int nr, siginfo_t *info, void *void_context)
    +{
    + ucontext_t *ctx = (ucontext_t *)(void_context);
    + int syscall;
    + char *buf;
    + ssize_t bytes;
    + size_t len;
    + if (info->si_code != SYS_SECCOMP)
    + return;
    + if (!ctx)
    + return;
    + syscall = ctx->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_EAX];
    + buf = (char *) ctx->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_ECX];
    + len = (size_t) ctx->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_EDX];
    +
    + if (syscall != __NR_write)
    + return;
    + if (ctx->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_EBX] != STDERR_FILENO)
    + return;
    + /* Redirect stderr messages to stdout. Doesn't handle EINTR, etc */
    + write(STDOUT_FILENO, "[ERR] ", 6);
    + bytes = write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, len);
    + ctx->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_EAX] = bytes;
    + return;
    +}
    +
    +static int install_emulator(void)
    +{
    + struct sigaction act;
    + sigset_t mask;
    + memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
    + sigemptyset(&mask);
    + sigaddset(&mask, SIGSYS);
    +
    + act.sa_sigaction = &emulator;
    + act.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
    + if (sigaction(SIGSYS, &act, NULL) < 0) {
    + perror("sigaction");
    + return -1;
    + }
    + if (sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &mask, NULL)) {
    + perror("sigprocmask");
    + return -1;
    + }
    + return 0;
    +}
    +
    +static int install_filter(void)
    +{
    + struct sock_filter filter[] = {
    + /* Grab the system call number */
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_W+BPF_ABS, syscall_nr),
    + /* Jump table for the allowed syscalls */
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, __NR_rt_sigreturn, 0, 1),
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW),
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, __NR_sigreturn, 0, 1),
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW),
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, __NR_exit_group, 0, 1),
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW),
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, __NR_exit, 0, 1),
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW),
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, __NR_read, 1, 0),
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, __NR_write, 3, 2),
    +
    + /* Check that read is only using stdin. */
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_W+BPF_ABS, syscall_arg(0)),
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, STDIN_FILENO, 4, 0),
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_KILL),
    +
    + /* Check that write is only using stdout */
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_W+BPF_ABS, syscall_arg(0)),
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, STDOUT_FILENO, 1, 0),
    + /* Trap attempts to write to stderr */
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, STDERR_FILENO, 1, 2),
    +
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW),
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_TRAP),
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_KILL),
    + };
    + struct sock_fprog prog = {
    + .len = (unsigned short)(sizeof(filter)/sizeof(filter[0])),
    + .filter = filter,
    + };
    +
    + if (prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1, 0, 0, 0)) {
    + perror("prctl(NO_NEW_PRIVS)");
    + return 1;
    + }
    +
    +
    + if (prctl(PR_SET_SECCOMP, SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER, &prog)) {
    + perror("prctl");
    + return 1;
    + }
    + return 0;
    +}
    +
    +#define payload(_c) (_c), sizeof((_c))
    +int main(int argc, char **argv)
    +{
    + char buf[4096];
    + ssize_t bytes = 0;
    + if (install_emulator())
    + return 1;
    + if (install_filter())
    + return 1;
    + syscall(__NR_write, STDOUT_FILENO,
    + payload("OHAI! WHAT IS YOUR NAME? "));
    + bytes = syscall(__NR_read, STDIN_FILENO, buf, sizeof(buf));
    + syscall(__NR_write, STDOUT_FILENO, payload("HELLO, "));
    + syscall(__NR_write, STDOUT_FILENO, buf, bytes);
    + syscall(__NR_write, STDERR_FILENO,
    + payload("Error message going to STDERR\n"));
    + return 0;
    +}
    diff --git a/samples/seccomp/bpf-fancy.c b/samples/seccomp/bpf-fancy.c
    new file mode 100644
    index 0000000..bf1f6b5
    --- /dev/null
    +++ b/samples/seccomp/bpf-fancy.c
    @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
    +/*
    + * Seccomp BPF example using a macro-based generator.
    + *
    + * Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium OS Authors <chromium-os-dev@chromium.org>
    + * Author: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
    + *
    + * The code may be used by anyone for any purpose,
    + * and can serve as a starting point for developing
    + * applications using prctl(PR_ATTACH_SECCOMP_FILTER).
    + */
    +
    +#include <linux/filter.h>
    +#include <linux/seccomp.h>
    +#include <linux/unistd.h>
    +#include <stdio.h>
    +#include <string.h>
    +#include <sys/prctl.h>
    +#include <unistd.h>
    +
    +#include "bpf-helper.h"
    +
    +#ifndef PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS
    +#define PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS 36
    +#endif
    +
    +int main(int argc, char **argv)
    +{
    + struct bpf_labels l;
    + static const char msg1[] = "Please type something: ";
    + static const char msg2[] = "You typed: ";
    + char buf[256];
    + struct sock_filter filter[] = {
    + /* TODO: LOAD_SYSCALL_NR(arch) and enforce an arch */
    + LOAD_SYSCALL_NR,
    + SYSCALL(__NR_exit, ALLOW),
    + SYSCALL(__NR_exit_group, ALLOW),
    + SYSCALL(__NR_write, JUMP(&l, write_fd)),
    + SYSCALL(__NR_read, JUMP(&l, read)),
    + DENY, /* Don't passthrough into a label */
    +
    + LABEL(&l, read),
    + ARG(0),
    + JNE(STDIN_FILENO, DENY),
    + ARG(1),
    + JNE((unsigned long)buf, DENY),
    + ARG(2),
    + JGE(sizeof(buf), DENY),
    + ALLOW,
    +
    + LABEL(&l, write_fd),
    + ARG(0),
    + JEQ(STDOUT_FILENO, JUMP(&l, write_buf)),
    + JEQ(STDERR_FILENO, JUMP(&l, write_buf)),
    + DENY,
    +
    + LABEL(&l, write_buf),
    + ARG(1),
    + JEQ((unsigned long)msg1, JUMP(&l, msg1_len)),
    + JEQ((unsigned long)msg2, JUMP(&l, msg2_len)),
    + JEQ((unsigned long)buf, JUMP(&l, buf_len)),
    + DENY,
    +
    + LABEL(&l, msg1_len),
    + ARG(2),
    + JLT(sizeof(msg1), ALLOW),
    + DENY,
    +
    + LABEL(&l, msg2_len),
    + ARG(2),
    + JLT(sizeof(msg2), ALLOW),
    + DENY,
    +
    + LABEL(&l, buf_len),
    + ARG(2),
    + JLT(sizeof(buf), ALLOW),
    + DENY,
    + };
    + struct sock_fprog prog = {
    + .filter = filter,
    + .len = (unsigned short)(sizeof(filter)/sizeof(filter[0])),
    + };
    + ssize_t bytes;
    + bpf_resolve_jumps(&l, filter, sizeof(filter)/sizeof(*filter));
    +
    + if (prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1, 0, 0, 0)) {
    + perror("prctl(NO_NEW_PRIVS)");
    + return 1;
    + }
    +
    + if (prctl(PR_SET_SECCOMP, SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER, &prog)) {
    + perror("prctl(SECCOMP)");
    + return 1;
    + }
    + syscall(__NR_write, STDOUT_FILENO, msg1, strlen(msg1));
    + bytes = syscall(__NR_read, STDIN_FILENO, buf, sizeof(buf)-1);
    + bytes = (bytes > 0 ? bytes : 0);
    + syscall(__NR_write, STDERR_FILENO, msg2, strlen(msg2));
    + syscall(__NR_write, STDERR_FILENO, buf, bytes);
    + /* Now get killed */
    + syscall(__NR_write, STDERR_FILENO, msg2, strlen(msg2)+2);
    + return 0;
    +}
    diff --git a/samples/seccomp/bpf-helper.c b/samples/seccomp/bpf-helper.c
    new file mode 100644
    index 0000000..579cfe3
    --- /dev/null
    +++ b/samples/seccomp/bpf-helper.c
    @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
    +/*
    + * Seccomp BPF helper functions
    + *
    + * Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium OS Authors <chromium-os-dev@chromium.org>
    + * Author: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
    + *
    + * The code may be used by anyone for any purpose,
    + * and can serve as a starting point for developing
    + * applications using prctl(PR_ATTACH_SECCOMP_FILTER).
    + */
    +
    +#include <stdio.h>
    +#include <string.h>
    +
    +#include "bpf-helper.h"
    +
    +int bpf_resolve_jumps(struct bpf_labels *labels,
    + struct sock_filter *filter, size_t count)
    +{
    + struct sock_filter *begin = filter;
    + __u8 insn = count - 1;
    +
    + if (count < 1)
    + return -1;
    + /*
    + * Walk it once, backwards, to build the label table and do fixups.
    + * Since backward jumps are disallowed by BPF, this is easy.
    + */
    + filter += insn;
    + for (; filter >= begin; --insn, --filter) {
    + if (filter->code != (BPF_JMP+BPF_JA))
    + continue;
    + switch ((filter->jt<<8)|filter->jf) {
    + case (JUMP_JT<<8)|JUMP_JF:
    + if (labels->labels[filter->k].location == 0xffffffff) {
    + fprintf(stderr, "Unresolved label: '%s'\n",
    + labels->labels[filter->k].label);
    + return 1;
    + }
    + filter->k = labels->labels[filter->k].location -
    + (insn + 1);
    + filter->jt = 0;
    + filter->jf = 0;
    + continue;
    + case (LABEL_JT<<8)|LABEL_JF:
    + if (labels->labels[filter->k].location != 0xffffffff) {
    + fprintf(stderr, "Duplicate label use: '%s'\n",
    + labels->labels[filter->k].label);
    + return 1;
    + }
    + labels->labels[filter->k].location = insn;
    + filter->k = 0; /* fall through */
    + filter->jt = 0;
    + filter->jf = 0;
    + continue;
    + }
    + }
    + return 0;
    +}
    +
    +/* Simple lookup table for labels. */
    +__u32 seccomp_bpf_label(struct bpf_labels *labels, const char *label)
    +{
    + struct __bpf_label *begin = labels->labels, *end;
    + int id;
    + if (labels->count == 0) {
    + begin->label = label;
    + begin->location = 0xffffffff;
    + labels->count++;
    + return 0;
    + }
    + end = begin + labels->count;
    + for (id = 0; begin < end; ++begin, ++id) {
    + if (!strcmp(label, begin->label))
    + return id;
    + }
    + begin->label = label;
    + begin->location = 0xffffffff;
    + labels->count++;
    + return id;
    +}
    +
    +void seccomp_bpf_print(struct sock_filter *filter, size_t count)
    +{
    + struct sock_filter *end = filter + count;
    + for ( ; filter < end; ++filter)
    + printf("{ code=%u,jt=%u,jf=%u,k=%u },\n",
    + filter->code, filter->jt, filter->jf, filter->k);
    +}
    diff --git a/samples/seccomp/bpf-helper.h b/samples/seccomp/bpf-helper.h
    new file mode 100644
    index 0000000..273fcd7
    --- /dev/null
    +++ b/samples/seccomp/bpf-helper.h
    @@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
    +/*
    + * Example wrapper around BPF macros.
    + *
    + * Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium OS Authors <chromium-os-dev@chromium.org>
    + * Author: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
    + *
    + * The code may be used by anyone for any purpose,
    + * and can serve as a starting point for developing
    + * applications using prctl(PR_SET_SECCOMP, 2, ...).
    + *
    + * No guarantees are provided with respect to the correctness
    + * or functionality of this code.
    + */
    +#ifndef __BPF_HELPER_H__
    +#define __BPF_HELPER_H__
    +
    +#include <asm/bitsperlong.h> /* for __BITS_PER_LONG */
    +#include <linux/filter.h>
    +#include <linux/seccomp.h> /* for seccomp_data */
    +#include <linux/types.h>
    +#include <linux/unistd.h>
    +#include <stddef.h>
    +
    +#define BPF_LABELS_MAX 256
    +struct bpf_labels {
    + int count;
    + struct __bpf_label {
    + const char *label;
    + __u32 location;
    + } labels[BPF_LABELS_MAX];
    +};
    +
    +int bpf_resolve_jumps(struct bpf_labels *labels,
    + struct sock_filter *filter, size_t count);
    +__u32 seccomp_bpf_label(struct bpf_labels *labels, const char *label);
    +void seccomp_bpf_print(struct sock_filter *filter, size_t count);
    +
    +#define JUMP_JT 0xff
    +#define JUMP_JF 0xff
    +#define LABEL_JT 0xfe
    +#define LABEL_JF 0xfe
    +
    +#define ALLOW \
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW)
    +#define DENY \
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_KILL)
    +#define JUMP(labels, label) \
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JA, FIND_LABEL((labels), (label)), \
    + JUMP_JT, JUMP_JF)
    +#define LABEL(labels, label) \
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JA, FIND_LABEL((labels), (label)), \
    + LABEL_JT, LABEL_JF)
    +#define SYSCALL(nr, jt) \
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, (nr), 0, 1), \
    + jt
    +
    +/* Lame, but just an example */
    +#define FIND_LABEL(labels, label) seccomp_bpf_label((labels), #label)
    +
    +#define EXPAND(...) __VA_ARGS__
    +/* Map all width-sensitive operations */
    +#if __BITS_PER_LONG == 32
    +
    +#define JEQ(x, jt) JEQ32(x, EXPAND(jt))
    +#define JNE(x, jt) JNE32(x, EXPAND(jt))
    +#define JGT(x, jt) JGT32(x, EXPAND(jt))
    +#define JLT(x, jt) JLT32(x, EXPAND(jt))
    +#define JGE(x, jt) JGE32(x, EXPAND(jt))
    +#define JLE(x, jt) JLE32(x, EXPAND(jt))
    +#define JA(x, jt) JA32(x, EXPAND(jt))
    +#define ARG(i) ARG_32(i)
    +
    +#elif __BITS_PER_LONG == 64
    +
    +/* Ensure that we load the logically correct offset. */
    +#if defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN)
    +#define LO_ARG(idx) offsetof(struct seccomp_data, args[(idx)])
    +#define HI_ARG(idx) offsetof(struct seccomp_data, args[(idx)]) + sizeof(__u32)
    +#define ENDIAN(_lo, _hi) _lo, _hi
    +#elif defined(__BIG_ENDIAN)
    +#define ENDIAN(_lo, _hi) _hi, _lo
    +#define LO_ARG(idx) offsetof(struct seccomp_data, args[(idx)]) + sizeof(__u32)
    +#define HI_ARG(idx) offsetof(struct seccomp_data, args[(idx)])
    +#else
    +#error "Unknown endianness"
    +#endif
    +
    +union arg64 {
    + struct {
    + __u32 ENDIAN(lo32, hi32);
    + };
    + __u64 u64;
    +};
    +
    +#define JEQ(x, jt) \
    + JEQ64(((union arg64){.u64 = (x)}).lo32, \
    + ((union arg64){.u64 = (x)}).hi32, \
    + EXPAND(jt))
    +#define JGT(x, jt) \
    + JGT64(((union arg64){.u64 = (x)}).lo32, \
    + ((union arg64){.u64 = (x)}).hi32, \
    + EXPAND(jt))
    +#define JGE(x, jt) \
    + JGE64(((union arg64){.u64 = (x)}).lo32, \
    + ((union arg64){.u64 = (x)}).hi32, \
    + EXPAND(jt))
    +#define JNE(x, jt) \
    + JNE64(((union arg64){.u64 = (x)}).lo32, \
    + ((union arg64){.u64 = (x)}).hi32, \
    + EXPAND(jt))
    +#define JLT(x, jt) \
    + JLT64(((union arg64){.u64 = (x)}).lo32, \
    + ((union arg64){.u64 = (x)}).hi32, \
    + EXPAND(jt))
    +#define JLE(x, jt) \
    + JLE64(((union arg64){.u64 = (x)}).lo32, \
    + ((union arg64){.u64 = (x)}).hi32, \
    + EXPAND(jt))
    +
    +#define JA(x, jt) \
    + JA64(((union arg64){.u64 = (x)}).lo32, \
    + ((union arg64){.u64 = (x)}).hi32, \
    + EXPAND(jt))
    +#define ARG(i) ARG_64(i)
    +
    +#else
    +#error __BITS_PER_LONG value unusable.
    +#endif
    +
    +/* Loads the arg into A */
    +#define ARG_32(idx) \
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_W+BPF_ABS, LO_ARG(idx))
    +
    +/* Loads hi into A and lo in X */
    +#define ARG_64(idx) \
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_W+BPF_ABS, LO_ARG(idx)), \
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_ST, 0), /* lo -> M[0] */ \
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_W+BPF_ABS, HI_ARG(idx)), \
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_ST, 1) /* hi -> M[1] */
    +
    +#define JEQ32(value, jt) \
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, (value), 0, 1), \
    + jt
    +
    +#define JNE32(value, jt) \
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, (value), 1, 0), \
    + jt
    +
    +/* Checks the lo, then swaps to check the hi. A=lo,X=hi */
    +#define JEQ64(lo, hi, jt) \
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, (hi), 0, 5), \
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 0), /* swap in lo */ \
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, (lo), 0, 2), \
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 1), /* passed: swap hi back in */ \
    + jt, \
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 1) /* failed: swap hi back in */
    +
    +#define JNE64(lo, hi, jt) \
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, (hi), 5, 0), \
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 0), /* swap in lo */ \
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, (lo), 2, 0), \
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 1), /* passed: swap hi back in */ \
    + jt, \
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 1) /* failed: swap hi back in */
    +
    +#define JA32(value, jt) \
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JSET+BPF_K, (value), 0, 1), \
    + jt
    +
    +#define JA64(lo, hi, jt) \
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JSET+BPF_K, (hi), 3, 0), \
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 0), /* swap in lo */ \
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JSET+BPF_K, (lo), 0, 2), \
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 1), /* passed: swap hi back in */ \
    + jt, \
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 1) /* failed: swap hi back in */
    +
    +#define JGE32(value, jt) \
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JGE+BPF_K, (value), 0, 1), \
    + jt
    +
    +#define JLT32(value, jt) \
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JGE+BPF_K, (value), 1, 0), \
    + jt
    +
    +/* Shortcut checking if hi > arg.hi. */
    +#define JGE64(lo, hi, jt) \
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JGT+BPF_K, (hi), 4, 0), \
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, (hi), 0, 5), \
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 0), /* swap in lo */ \
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JGE+BPF_K, (lo), 0, 2), \
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 1), /* passed: swap hi back in */ \
    + jt, \
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 1) /* failed: swap hi back in */
    +
    +#define JLT64(lo, hi, jt) \
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JGE+BPF_K, (hi), 0, 4), \
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, (hi), 0, 5), \
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 0), /* swap in lo */ \
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JGT+BPF_K, (lo), 2, 0), \
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 1), /* passed: swap hi back in */ \
    + jt, \
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 1) /* failed: swap hi back in */
    +
    +#define JGT32(value, jt) \
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JGT+BPF_K, (value), 0, 1), \
    + jt
    +
    +#define JLE32(value, jt) \
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JGT+BPF_K, (value), 1, 0), \
    + jt
    +
    +/* Check hi > args.hi first, then do the GE checking */
    +#define JGT64(lo, hi, jt) \
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JGT+BPF_K, (hi), 4, 0), \
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, (hi), 0, 5), \
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 0), /* swap in lo */ \
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JGT+BPF_K, (lo), 0, 2), \
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 1), /* passed: swap hi back in */ \
    + jt, \
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 1) /* failed: swap hi back in */
    +
    +#define JLE64(lo, hi, jt) \
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JGT+BPF_K, (hi), 6, 0), \
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, (hi), 0, 3), \
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 0), /* swap in lo */ \
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JGT+BPF_K, (lo), 2, 0), \
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 1), /* passed: swap hi back in */ \
    + jt, \
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 1) /* failed: swap hi back in */
    +
    +#define LOAD_SYSCALL_NR \
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_W+BPF_ABS, \
    + offsetof(struct seccomp_data, nr))
    +
    +#endif /* __BPF_HELPER_H__ */
    diff --git a/samples/seccomp/dropper.c b/samples/seccomp/dropper.c
    new file mode 100644
    index 0000000..74e035d
    --- /dev/null
    +++ b/samples/seccomp/dropper.c
    @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
    +/*
    + * Naive system call dropper built on seccomp_filter.
    + *
    + * Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium OS Authors <chromium-os-dev@chromium.org>
    + * Author: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
    + *
    + * The code may be used by anyone for any purpose,
    + * and can serve as a starting point for developing
    + * applications using prctl(PR_SET_SECCOMP, 2, ...).
    + *
    + * When run, returns the specified errno for the specified
    + * system call number against the given architecture.
    + *
    + * Run this one as root as PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS is not called.
    + */
    +
    +#include <errno.h>
    +#include <linux/audit.h>
    +#include <linux/filter.h>
    +#include <linux/seccomp.h>
    +#include <linux/unistd.h>
    +#include <stdio.h>
    +#include <stddef.h>
    +#include <stdlib.h>
    +#include <sys/prctl.h>
    +#include <unistd.h>
    +
    +static int install_filter(int nr, int arch, int error)
    +{
    + struct sock_filter filter[] = {
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_W+BPF_ABS,
    + (offsetof(struct seccomp_data, arch))),
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, arch, 0, 3),
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_W+BPF_ABS,
    + (offsetof(struct seccomp_data, nr))),
    + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, nr, 0, 1),
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K,
    + SECCOMP_RET_ERRNO|(error & SECCOMP_RET_DATA)),
    + BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW),
    + };
    + struct sock_fprog prog = {
    + .len = (unsigned short)(sizeof(filter)/sizeof(filter[0])),
    + .filter = filter,
    + };
    + if (prctl(PR_SET_SECCOMP, 2, &prog)) {
    + perror("prctl");
    + return 1;
    + }
    + return 0;
    +}
    +
    +int main(int argc, char **argv)
    +{
    + if (argc < 5) {
    + fprintf(stderr, "Usage:\n"
    + "dropper <syscall_nr> <arch> <errno> <prog> [<args>]\n"
    + "Hint: AUDIT_ARCH_I386: %x\n"
    + " AUDIT_ARCH_X86_64: %x\n"
    + "\n", AUDIT_ARCH_I386, AUDIT_ARCH_X86_64);
    + return 1;
    + }
    + if (install_filter(strtol(argv[1], NULL, 0), strtol(argv[2], NULL, 0),
    + strtol(argv[3], NULL, 0)))
    + return 1;
    + execv(argv[4], &argv[4]);
    + printf("Failed to execv\n");
    + return 255;
    +}
    --
    1.7.5.4


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