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    Subject[PATCH UPDATED 3/8] job control: Fix ptracer wait(2) hang and explain notask_error clearing
    wait(2) and friends allow access to stopped/continued states through
    zombies, which is required as the states are process-wide and should
    be accessible whether the leader task is alive or undead.
    wait_consider_task() implements this by always clearing notask_error
    and going through wait_task_stopped/continued() for unreaped zombies.

    However, while ptraced, the stopped state is per-task and as such if
    the ptracee became a zombie, there's no further stopped event to
    listen to and wait(2) and friends should return -ECHILD on the tracee.

    Fix it by clearing notask_error only if WCONTINUED | WEXITED is set
    for ptraced zombies. While at it, document why clearing notask_error
    is safe for each case.

    Test case follows.

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <unistd.h>
    #include <pthread.h>
    #include <time.h>
    #include <sys/types.h>
    #include <sys/ptrace.h>
    #include <sys/wait.h>

    static void *nooper(void *arg)
    {
    pause();
    return NULL;
    }

    int main(void)
    {
    const struct timespec ts1s = { .tv_sec = 1 };
    pid_t tracee, tracer;
    siginfo_t si;

    tracee = fork();
    if (tracee == 0) {
    pthread_t thr;

    pthread_create(&thr, NULL, nooper, NULL);
    nanosleep(&ts1s, NULL);
    printf("tracee exiting\n");
    pthread_exit(NULL); /* let subthread run */
    }

    tracer = fork();
    if (tracer == 0) {
    ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, tracee, NULL, NULL);
    while (1) {
    if (waitid(P_PID, tracee, &si, WSTOPPED) < 0) {
    perror("waitid");
    break;
    }
    ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, tracee, NULL,
    (void *)(long)si.si_status);
    }
    return 0;
    }

    waitid(P_PID, tracer, &si, WEXITED);
    kill(tracee, SIGKILL);
    return 0;
    }

    Before the patch, after the tracee becomes a zombie, the tracer's
    waitid(WSTOPPED) never returns and the program doesn't terminate.

    tracee exiting
    ^C

    After the patch, tracee exiting triggers waitid() to fail.

    tracee exiting
    waitid: No child processes

    -v2: Oleg pointed out that exited in addition to continued can happen
    for ptraced dead group leader. Clear notask_error for ptraced
    child on WEXITED too.

    Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
    Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
    ---
    WEXITED bug fixed. Let's tackle the ptraced per-task wait(2) thing
    later. Thanks.

    kernel/exit.c | 44 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
    1 file changed, 34 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

    Index: work/kernel/exit.c
    ===================================================================
    --- work.orig/kernel/exit.c
    +++ work/kernel/exit.c
    @@ -1550,17 +1550,41 @@ static int wait_consider_task(struct wai
    return 0;
    }

    - /*
    - * We don't reap group leaders with subthreads.
    - */
    - if (p->exit_state == EXIT_ZOMBIE && !delay_group_leader(p))
    - return wait_task_zombie(wo, p);
    + /* slay zombie? */
    + if (p->exit_state == EXIT_ZOMBIE) {
    + /* we don't reap group leaders with subthreads */
    + if (!delay_group_leader(p))
    + return wait_task_zombie(wo, p);

    - /*
    - * It's stopped or running now, so it might
    - * later continue, exit, or stop again.
    - */
    - wo->notask_error = 0;
    + /*
    + * Allow access to stopped/continued state via zombie by
    + * falling through. Clearing of notask_error is complex.
    + *
    + * When !@ptrace:
    + *
    + * If WEXITED is set, notask_error should naturally be
    + * cleared. If not, subset of WSTOPPED|WCONTINUED is set,
    + * so, if there are live subthreads, there are events to
    + * wait for. If all subthreads are dead, it's still safe
    + * to clear - this function will be called again in finite
    + * amount time once all the subthreads are released and
    + * will then return without clearing.
    + *
    + * When @ptrace:
    + *
    + * Stopped state is per-task and thus can't change once the
    + * target task dies. Only continued and exited can happen.
    + * Clear notask_error if WCONTINUED | WEXITED.
    + */
    + if (likely(!ptrace) || (wo->wo_flags & (WCONTINUED | WEXITED)))
    + wo->notask_error = 0;
    + } else {
    + /*
    + * @p is alive and it's gonna stop, continue or exit, so
    + * there always is something to wait for.
    + */
    + wo->notask_error = 0;
    + }

    if (task_stopped_code(p, ptrace))
    return wait_task_stopped(wo, ptrace, p);

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