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    Subject[PATCHv17 0/11] Contiguous Memory Allocator
    Welcome everyone once again,

    This is yet another release of the Contiguous Memory Allocator patches.
    This version is mainly a result of the discussion on Kernel Summit in
    Prague. The main change is completely different code base for the
    migration feature of the CMA. Now it shares the code with memory
    compaction subsystem, not the hotplug like it was before. This code has
    been kindly provided by Michal Nazarewicz. There are also a few fixes
    here and there, see changelog for the details.

    Please notice that this patch series is aimed to start further
    discussion. There are still few issues that need to be resolved before
    CMA will be really ready. The most hot problem is the issue with movable
    pages that causes migration to fail from time to time. Our investigation
    leads us to the point that these rare pages cannot be migrated because
    there are some pending io operations on them.

    ARM integration code has not been changed since last version, it
    provides implementation of all the ideas that has been discussed during
    Linaro Sprint meeting. Here are the details:

    This version provides a solution for complete integration of CMA to
    DMA mapping subsystem on ARM architecture. The issue caused by double
    dma pages mapping and possible aliasing in coherent memory mapping has
    been finally resolved, both for GFP_ATOMIC case (allocations comes from
    coherent memory pool) and non-GFP_ATOMIC case (allocations comes from
    CMA managed areas).

    For coherent, nommu, ARMv4 and ARMv5 systems the current DMA-mapping
    implementation has been kept.

    For ARMv6+ systems, CMA has been enabled and a special pool of coherent
    memory for atomic allocations has been created. The size of this pool
    defaults to DEFAULT_CONSISTEN_DMA_SIZE/8, but can be changed with
    coherent_pool kernel parameter (if really required).

    All atomic allocations are served from this pool. I've did a little
    simplification here, because there is no separate pool for writecombine
    memory - such requests are also served from coherent pool. I don't
    think that such simplification is a problem here - I found no driver
    that use dma_alloc_writecombine with GFP_ATOMIC flags.

    All non-atomic allocation are served from CMA area. Kernel mapping is
    updated to reflect required memory attributes changes. This is possible
    because during early boot, all CMA area are remapped with 4KiB pages in
    kernel low-memory.

    This version have been tested on Samsung S5PC110 based Goni machine and
    Exynos4 UniversalC210 board with various V4L2 multimedia drivers.

    Coherent atomic allocations has been tested by manually enabling the dma
    bounce for the s3c-sdhci device.

    All patches are prepared for Linux Kernel v3.2-rc2.

    A few words for these who see CMA for the first time:

    The Contiguous Memory Allocator (CMA) makes it possible for device
    drivers to allocate big contiguous chunks of memory after the system
    has booted.

    The main difference from the similar frameworks is the fact that CMA
    allows to transparently reuse memory region reserved for the big
    chunk allocation as a system memory, so no memory is wasted when no
    big chunk is allocated. Once the alloc request is issued, the
    framework will migrate system pages to create a required big chunk of
    physically contiguous memory.

    For more information you can refer to nice LWN articles:
    http://lwn.net/Articles/447405/ and http://lwn.net/Articles/450286/
    as well as links to previous versions of the CMA framework.

    The CMA framework has been initially developed by Michal Nazarewicz
    at Samsung Poland R&D Center. Since version 9, I've taken over the
    development, because Michal has left the company.

    TODO (optional):
    - implement support for contiguous memory areas placed in HIGHMEM zone
    - resolve issue with movable pages with pending io operations

    Best regards
    Marek Szyprowski
    Samsung Poland R&D Center


    Links to previous versions of the patchset:
    v16: <http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-mm/msg25066.html>
    v15: <http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-mm/msg23365.html>
    v14: <http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-media/msg36536.html>
    v13: (internal, intentionally not released)
    v12: <http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-media/msg35674.html>
    v11: <http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-mm/msg21868.html>
    v10: <http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-mm/msg20761.html>
    v9: <http://article.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel.mm/60787>
    v8: <http://article.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel.mm/56855>
    v7: <http://article.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel.mm/55626>
    v6: <http://article.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel.mm/55626>
    v5: (intentionally left out as CMA v5 was identical to CMA v4)
    v4: <http://article.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel.mm/52010>
    v3: <http://article.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel.mm/51573>
    v2: <http://article.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel.mm/50986>
    v1: <http://article.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel.mm/50669>


    Changelog:

    v17:
    1. Replaced whole CMA core memory migration code to the new one kindly
    provided by Michal Nazarewicz. The new code is based on memory
    compaction framework not the memory hotplug, like it was before. This
    change has been suggested by Mel Godman.

    2. Addressed most of the comments from Andrew Morton and Mel Gorman in
    the rest of the CMA code.

    3. Fixed broken initialization on ARM systems with DMA zone enabled.

    4. Rebased onto v3.2-rc2 kernel.

    v16:
    1. merged a fixup from Michal Nazarewicz to address comments from Dave
    Hansen about checking if pfns belong to the same memory zone

    2. merged a fix from Michal Nazarewicz for incorrect handling of pages
    which belong to page block that is in MIGRATE_ISOLATE state, in very
    rare cases the migrate type of page block might have been changed
    from MIGRATE_CMA to MIGRATE_MOVABLE because of this bug

    3. moved some common code to include/asm-generic

    4. added support for x86 DMA-mapping framework for pci-dma hardware,
    CMA can be now even more widely tested on KVM/QEMU and a lot of common
    x86 boxes

    5. rebased onto next-20111005 kernel tree, which includes changes in ARM
    DMA-mapping subsystem (CONSISTENT_DMA_SIZE removal)

    6. removed patch for CMA s5p-fimc device private regions (served only as
    example) and provided the one that matches real life case - s5p-mfc
    device

    v15:
    1. fixed calculation of the total memory after activating CMA area (was
    broken from v12)

    2. more code cleanup in drivers/base/dma-contiguous.c

    3. added address limit for default CMA area

    4. rewrote ARM DMA integration:
    - removed "ARM: DMA: steal memory for DMA coherent mappings" patch
    - kept current DMA mapping implementation for coherent, nommu and
    ARMv4/ARMv5 systems
    - enabled CMA for all ARMv6+ systems
    - added separate, small pool for coherent atomic allocations, defaults
    to CONSISTENT_DMA_SIZE/8, but can be changed with kernel parameter
    coherent_pool=[size]

    v14:
    1. Merged with "ARM: DMA: steal memory for DMA coherent mappings"
    patch, added support for GFP_ATOMIC allocations.

    2. Added checks for NULL device pointer

    v13: (internal, intentionally not released)

    v12:
    1. Fixed 2 nasty bugs in dma-contiguous allocator:
    - alignment argument was not passed correctly
    - range for dma_release_from_contiguous was not checked correctly

    2. Added support for architecture specfic dma_contiguous_early_fixup()
    function

    3. CMA and DMA-mapping integration for ARM architechture has been
    rewritten to take care of the memory aliasing issue that might
    happen for newer ARM CPUs (mapping of the same pages with different
    cache attributes is forbidden). TODO: add support for GFP_ATOMIC
    allocations basing on the "ARM: DMA: steal memory for DMA coherent
    mappings" patch and implement support for contiguous memory areas
    that are placed in HIGHMEM zone

    v11:
    1. Removed genalloc usage and replaced it with direct calls to
    bitmap_* functions, dropped patches that are not needed
    anymore (genalloc extensions)

    2. Moved all contiguous area management code from mm/cma.c
    to drivers/base/dma-contiguous.c

    3. Renamed cm_alloc/free to dma_alloc/release_from_contiguous

    4. Introduced global, system wide (default) contiguous area
    configured with kernel config and kernel cmdline parameters

    5. Simplified initialization to just one function:
    dma_declare_contiguous()

    6. Added example of device private memory contiguous area

    v10:
    1. Rebased onto 3.0-rc2 and resolved all conflicts

    2. Simplified CMA to be just a pure memory allocator, for use
    with platfrom/bus specific subsystems, like dma-mapping.
    Removed all device specific functions are calls.

    3. Integrated with ARM DMA-mapping subsystem.

    4. Code cleanup here and there.

    5. Removed private context support.

    v9: 1. Rebased onto 2.6.39-rc1 and resolved all conflicts

    2. Fixed a bunch of nasty bugs that happened when the allocation
    failed (mainly kernel oops due to NULL ptr dereference).

    3. Introduced testing code: cma-regions compatibility layer and
    videobuf2-cma memory allocator module.

    v8: 1. The alloc_contig_range() function has now been separated from
    CMA and put in page_allocator.c. This function tries to
    migrate all LRU pages in specified range and then allocate the
    range using alloc_contig_freed_pages().

    2. Support for MIGRATE_CMA has been separated from the CMA code.
    I have not tested if CMA works with ZONE_MOVABLE but I see no
    reasons why it shouldn't.

    3. I have added a @private argument when creating CMA contexts so
    that one can reserve memory and not share it with the rest of
    the system. This way, CMA acts only as allocation algorithm.

    v7: 1. A lot of functionality that handled driver->allocator_context
    mapping has been removed from the patchset. This is not to say
    that this code is not needed, it's just not worth posting
    everything in one patchset.

    Currently, CMA is "just" an allocator. It uses it's own
    migratetype (MIGRATE_CMA) for defining ranges of pageblokcs
    which behave just like ZONE_MOVABLE but dispite the latter can
    be put in arbitrary places.

    2. The migration code that was introduced in the previous version
    actually started working.


    v6: 1. Most importantly, v6 introduces support for memory migration.
    The implementation is not yet complete though.

    Migration support means that when CMA is not using memory
    reserved for it, page allocator can allocate pages from it.
    When CMA wants to use the memory, the pages have to be moved
    and/or evicted as to make room for CMA.

    To make it possible it must be guaranteed that only movable and
    reclaimable pages are allocated in CMA controlled regions.
    This is done by introducing a MIGRATE_CMA migrate type that
    guarantees exactly that.

    Some of the migration code is "borrowed" from Kamezawa
    Hiroyuki's alloc_contig_pages() implementation. The main
    difference is that thanks to MIGRATE_CMA migrate type CMA
    assumes that memory controlled by CMA are is always movable or
    reclaimable so that it makes allocation decisions regardless of
    the whether some pages are actually allocated and migrates them
    if needed.

    The most interesting patches from the patchset that implement
    the functionality are:

    09/13: mm: alloc_contig_free_pages() added
    10/13: mm: MIGRATE_CMA migration type added
    11/13: mm: MIGRATE_CMA isolation functions added
    12/13: mm: cma: Migration support added [wip]

    Currently, kernel panics in some situations which I am trying
    to investigate.

    2. cma_pin() and cma_unpin() functions has been added (after
    a conversation with Johan Mossberg). The idea is that whenever
    hardware does not use the memory (no transaction is on) the
    chunk can be moved around. This would allow defragmentation to
    be implemented if desired. No defragmentation algorithm is
    provided at this time.

    3. Sysfs support has been replaced with debugfs. I always felt
    unsure about the sysfs interface and when Greg KH pointed it
    out I finally got to rewrite it to debugfs.


    v5: (intentionally left out as CMA v5 was identical to CMA v4)


    v4: 1. The "asterisk" flag has been removed in favour of requiring
    that platform will provide a "*=<regions>" rule in the map
    attribute.

    2. The terminology has been changed slightly renaming "kind" to
    "type" of memory. In the previous revisions, the documentation
    indicated that device drivers define memory kinds and now,

    v3: 1. The command line parameters have been removed (and moved to
    a separate patch, the fourth one). As a consequence, the
    cma_set_defaults() function has been changed -- it no longer
    accepts a string with list of regions but an array of regions.

    2. The "asterisk" attribute has been removed. Now, each region
    has an "asterisk" flag which lets one specify whether this
    region should by considered "asterisk" region.

    3. SysFS support has been moved to a separate patch (the third one
    in the series) and now also includes list of regions.

    v2: 1. The "cma_map" command line have been removed. In exchange,
    a SysFS entry has been created under kernel/mm/contiguous.

    The intended way of specifying the attributes is
    a cma_set_defaults() function called by platform initialisation
    code. "regions" attribute (the string specified by "cma"
    command line parameter) can be overwritten with command line
    parameter; the other attributes can be changed during run-time
    using the SysFS entries.

    2. The behaviour of the "map" attribute has been modified
    slightly. Currently, if no rule matches given device it is
    assigned regions specified by the "asterisk" attribute. It is
    by default built from the region names given in "regions"
    attribute.

    3. Devices can register private regions as well as regions that
    can be shared but are not reserved using standard CMA
    mechanisms. A private region has no name and can be accessed
    only by devices that have the pointer to it.

    4. The way allocators are registered has changed. Currently,
    a cma_allocator_register() function is used for that purpose.
    Moreover, allocators are attached to regions the first time
    memory is registered from the region or when allocator is
    registered which means that allocators can be dynamic modules
    that are loaded after the kernel booted (of course, it won't be
    possible to allocate a chunk of memory from a region if
    allocator is not loaded).

    5. Index of new functions:

    +static inline dma_addr_t __must_check
    +cma_alloc_from(const char *regions, size_t size,
    + dma_addr_t alignment)

    +static inline int
    +cma_info_about(struct cma_info *info, const const char *regions)

    +int __must_check cma_region_register(struct cma_region *reg);

    +dma_addr_t __must_check
    +cma_alloc_from_region(struct cma_region *reg,
    + size_t size, dma_addr_t alignment);

    +static inline dma_addr_t __must_check
    +cma_alloc_from(const char *regions,
    + size_t size, dma_addr_t alignment);

    +int cma_allocator_register(struct cma_allocator *alloc);


    Patches in this patchset:

    Marek Szyprowski (4):
    drivers: add Contiguous Memory Allocator
    X86: integrate CMA with DMA-mapping subsystem
    ARM: integrate CMA with DMA-mapping subsystem
    ARM: Samsung: use CMA for 2 memory banks for s5p-mfc device

    Michal Nazarewicz (7):
    mm: page_alloc: handle MIGRATE_ISOLATE in free_pcppages_bulk()
    mm: compaction: introduce isolate_{free,migrate}pages_range().
    mm: mmzone: introduce zone_pfn_same_memmap()
    mm: compaction: export some of the functions
    mm: page_alloc: introduce alloc_contig_range()
    mm: mmzone: MIGRATE_CMA migration type added
    mm: page_isolation: MIGRATE_CMA isolation functions added

    Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt | 9 +
    arch/Kconfig | 3 +
    arch/arm/Kconfig | 2 +
    arch/arm/include/asm/dma-contiguous.h | 16 ++
    arch/arm/include/asm/mach/map.h | 1 +
    arch/arm/kernel/setup.c | 8 +-
    arch/arm/mm/dma-mapping.c | 368 +++++++++++++++++++++++++------
    arch/arm/mm/init.c | 20 ++-
    arch/arm/mm/mm.h | 3 +
    arch/arm/mm/mmu.c | 29 ++-
    arch/arm/plat-s5p/dev-mfc.c | 51 +----
    arch/x86/Kconfig | 1 +
    arch/x86/include/asm/dma-contiguous.h | 13 +
    arch/x86/include/asm/dma-mapping.h | 4 +
    arch/x86/kernel/pci-dma.c | 18 ++-
    arch/x86/kernel/pci-nommu.c | 8 +-
    arch/x86/kernel/setup.c | 2 +
    drivers/base/Kconfig | 89 ++++++++
    drivers/base/Makefile | 1 +
    drivers/base/dma-contiguous.c | 396 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    include/asm-generic/dma-contiguous.h | 27 +++
    include/linux/device.h | 4 +
    include/linux/dma-contiguous.h | 110 +++++++++
    include/linux/mmzone.h | 57 ++++-
    include/linux/page-isolation.h | 27 ++-
    mm/Kconfig | 2 +-
    mm/Makefile | 3 +-
    mm/compaction.c | 230 +++++++++++--------
    mm/internal.h | 35 +++
    mm/memory-failure.c | 2 +-
    mm/memory_hotplug.c | 6 +-
    mm/page_alloc.c | 315 ++++++++++++++++++++++++--
    mm/page_isolation.c | 15 +-
    33 files changed, 1591 insertions(+), 284 deletions(-)
    create mode 100644 arch/arm/include/asm/dma-contiguous.h
    create mode 100644 arch/x86/include/asm/dma-contiguous.h
    create mode 100644 drivers/base/dma-contiguous.c
    create mode 100644 include/asm-generic/dma-contiguous.h
    create mode 100644 include/linux/dma-contiguous.h

    --
    1.7.1.569.g6f426



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