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    SubjectRe: Linux 3.1-rc9

    * H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> wrote:

    > On 10/17/2011 11:49 AM, Ingo Molnar wrote:
    > > Do we have some hard data on this, which we could put into comments
    > > in include/linux/ktime.h and such? Older versions of GCC used to do a
    > > bad job of long long handling on 32-bit systems - that might be a
    > > factor in the performance figures.
    > >
    > > But i suspect you are right that the cost is still very much there
    >
    > 64/64 division is done bit by bit on most (all?) 32-bit architectures.
    >
    > 64/32 division can be done in hardware on some architectures, e.g. x86.

    it's 64/32 division - it's the /1000000000 /1000000 /1000 divisions
    in the large majority of cases, to convert between
    seconds/milliseconds/microseconds and scalar nanoseconds.

    the kernel-internal ktime_t in the 32-bit optimized case is:

    union ktime {
    s32 sec, nsec;
    };

    which is the same as timespec and arithmetically close to timeval,
    which many ABIs use. So conversion is easy in that case - but
    arithmetics gets a bit harder.

    If we used a scalar 64-bit form for all kernel internal time
    representations:

    s64 nsecs;

    then conversions back to timespec/timeval would involve dividing this
    64-bit value with 1000000000 or 1000000.

    Is there no faster approximation for those than bit by bit?

    In particular we could try something like:

    (high*2^32 + low)/1e9 ~== ( high * (2^64/1e9) ) / 2^32

    ... which reduces it all to a 64-bit multiplication (or two 32-bit
    multiplications) with a known constant, at the cost of 1 nsec
    imprecision of the result - but that's an OK approximation in my
    opinion.

    But it's late here and math is hard - lets go shopping ;-)

    Thanks,

    Ingo


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