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    Subject[PATCH 2/4] [tip:x86/mm] Set first MB as RW+NX
    From
    This patch ensures that there are no mixed (RW+X) pages mapped within
    first megabyte of kernel space (from PAGE_OFFSET up to beginning of .text).
    This is achieved through introduction of new compile-time option
    CONFIG_DEBUG_SET_1ST_MB_RWNX which controls how is_kernel_text()
    and static_protections() view the memory area in question.

    Special accommodations have been made for BIOS32/PCI BIOS services:
    according to BIOS32 specification
    (http://members.datafast.net.au/dft0802/specs/bios32.pdf), at most two
    pages per BIOS32 service should be set executable and no pages need to
    be writeable. This patch modifies bios32_service() to set proper page
    access permissions at time of service discovery, as described in the
    specification. Further, hardcoded protection of memory area between 640k
    to 1Mb have been removed from static_protections(), since only pages
    mentioned above need to be executable, not whole BIOS region.

    The net result of the patch application is as follows:
    ========== BEFORE ==========
    0xc0000000-0xc0100000 1M RW GLB x pte
    0xc0100000-0xc04b6000 3800K ro GLB x pte
    ...

    =========== AFTER ===========
    0xc0000000-0xc00fb000 1004K RW GLB NX pte
    0xc00fb000-0xc00fd000 8K ro GLB x pte
    0xc00fd000-0xc0100000 12K RW GLB NX pte
    0xc0100000-0xc04b6000 3800K ro GLB x pte
    ...

    Note that first MB is now RW+NX, except for 8K of RO+X used by BIOS32.

    The patch have been developed for Linux 2.6.33-rc5 x86 by Siarhei Liakh
    <sliakh.lkml@gmail.com> and Xuxian Jiang <jiang@cs.ncsu.edu>.

    V1: original patch "Reducing footprint of BIOS32 service mappings"
    V2: Set first MB as RW+NX for linux 2.6.33-rc5
    V3: minor adjustments for -tip

    Signed-off-by: Siarhei Liakh <sliakh.lkml@gmail.com>
    Signed-off-by: Xuxian Jiang <jiang@cs.ncsu.edu>
    ---

    diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig.debug b/arch/x86/Kconfig.debug
    index 4814d35..6dbcb6f 100644
    --- a/arch/x86/Kconfig.debug
    +++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig.debug
    @@ -123,6 +123,17 @@ config DEBUG_NX_TEST
    and the software setup of this feature.
    If in doubt, say "N"

    +config DEBUG_SET_1ST_MB_RWNX
    + bool "Set 1st MB of kernel space mapping as RW+NX"
    + default n
    + depends on X86
    + ---help---
    + This option helps to catch unintended modifications/execution of
    + 1st megabyte of kernel address space. Such protection may interfere
    + with run-time code patching and legacy BIOS services residing within
    + the 1st MB of physical address space.
    + If in doubt, say "N".
    +
    config 4KSTACKS
    bool "Use 4Kb for kernel stacks instead of 8Kb"
    depends on X86_32
    diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/init_32.c b/arch/x86/mm/init_32.c
    index 5cb3f0f..22ccf08 100644
    --- a/arch/x86/mm/init_32.c
    +++ b/arch/x86/mm/init_32.c
    @@ -52,6 +52,12 @@
    #include <asm/page_types.h>
    #include <asm/init.h>

    +#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SET_1ST_MB_RWNX
    +#define TEXT_START _text
    +#else
    +#define TEXT_START PAGE_OFFSET
    +#endif
    +
    unsigned long highstart_pfn, highend_pfn;

    static noinline int do_test_wp_bit(void);
    @@ -225,7 +231,8 @@ page_table_range_init(unsigned long start,
    unsigned long end, pgd_t *pgd_base)

    static inline int is_kernel_text(unsigned long addr)
    {
    - if (addr >= PAGE_OFFSET && addr <= (unsigned long)__init_end)
    + if (addr >= (unsigned long)TEXT_START
    + && addr <= (unsigned long)__init_end)
    return 1;
    return 0;
    }
    diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c b/arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c
    index cf07c26..595398e 100644
    --- a/arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c
    +++ b/arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c
    @@ -256,13 +256,14 @@ static inline pgprot_t
    static_protections(pgprot_t prot, unsigned long address,
    {
    pgprot_t forbidden = __pgprot(0);

    +#ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_SET_1ST_MB_RWNX
    /*
    * The BIOS area between 640k and 1Mb needs to be executable for
    * PCI BIOS based config access (CONFIG_PCI_GOBIOS) support.
    */
    if (within(pfn, BIOS_BEGIN >> PAGE_SHIFT, BIOS_END >> PAGE_SHIFT))
    pgprot_val(forbidden) |= _PAGE_NX;
    -
    +#endif
    /*
    * The kernel text needs to be executable for obvious reasons
    * Does not cover __inittext since that is gone later on. On
    diff --git a/arch/x86/pci/pcbios.c b/arch/x86/pci/pcbios.c
    index 1c975cc..ec3b3db 100644
    --- a/arch/x86/pci/pcbios.c
    +++ b/arch/x86/pci/pcbios.c
    @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
    #include <linux/uaccess.h>
    #include <asm/pci_x86.h>
    #include <asm/pci-functions.h>
    +#include <asm/cacheflush.h>

    /* BIOS32 signature: "_32_" */
    #define BIOS32_SIGNATURE (('_' << 0) + ('3' << 8) + ('2' << 16) + ('_' << 24))
    @@ -58,6 +59,16 @@ static struct {
    unsigned short segment;
    } bios32_indirect = { 0, __KERNEL_CS };

    +/* Set two consecutive pages as read-only and executable */
    +void set_2_pages_rox(unsigned long addr)
    +{
    +#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SET_1ST_MB_RWNX
    + unsigned long pg_address = PFN_DOWN(addr + PAGE_OFFSET) << PAGE_SHIFT;
    + set_memory_ro(pg_address, 2);
    + set_memory_x(pg_address, 2);
    +#endif
    +}
    +
    /*
    * Returns the entry point for the given service, NULL on error
    */
    @@ -82,15 +93,19 @@ static unsigned long bios32_service(unsigned long service)
    local_irq_restore(flags);

    switch (return_code) {
    - case 0:
    - return address + entry;
    - case 0x80: /* Not present */
    - printk(KERN_WARNING "bios32_service(0x%lx): not present\n", service);
    - return 0;
    - default: /* Shouldn't happen */
    - printk(KERN_WARNING "bios32_service(0x%lx): returned 0x%x -- BIOS bug!\n",
    - service, return_code);
    - return 0;
    + case 0: /* Service present, set proper page access */
    + address += entry;
    + set_2_pages_rox(address);
    + return address;
    + case 0x80: /* Not present */
    + printk(KERN_WARNING "bios32_service(0x%lx): not present\n",
    + service);
    + return 0;
    + default: /* Shouldn't happen */
    + printk(KERN_WARNING "bios32_service(0x%lx): "
    + "returned 0x%x -- BIOS bug!\n",
    + service, return_code);
    + return 0;
    }
    }

    @@ -331,6 +346,7 @@ static struct pci_raw_ops * __devinit pci_find_bios(void)
    DBG("PCI: BIOS32 Service Directory entry at 0x%lx\n",
    bios32_entry);
    bios32_indirect.address = bios32_entry + PAGE_OFFSET;
    + set_2_pages_rox(bios32_entry);
    if (check_pcibios())
    return &pci_bios_access;
    }

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