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    Subject[PATCH 5/5] proc: export more page flags in /proc/kpageflags
    Export 9 page flags in /proc/kpageflags, and 8 more for kernel developers.

    1) for kernel hackers (on CONFIG_DEBUG_KERNEL)
    - all available page flags are exported, and
    - exported as is
    2) for admins and end users
    - only the more `well known' flags are exported:
    11. KPF_MMAP (pseudo flag) memory mapped page
    12. KPF_ANON (pseudo flag) memory mapped page (anonymous)
    13. KPF_SWAPCACHE page is in swap cache
    14. KPF_SWAPBACKED page is swap/RAM backed
    15. KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD (*)
    16. KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL (*)
    17. KPF_UNEVICTABLE page is in the unevictable LRU list
    18. KPF_HWPOISON hardware detected corruption
    19. KPF_NOPAGE (pseudo flag) no page frame at the address

    (*) For compound pages, exporting _both_ head/tail info enables
    users to tell where a compound page starts/ends, and its order.

    - limit flags to their typical usage scenario, as indicated by KOSAKI:
    - LRU pages: only export relevant flags
    - PG_lru
    - PG_unevictable
    - PG_active
    - PG_referenced
    - page_mapped()
    - PageAnon()
    - PG_swapcache
    - PG_swapbacked
    - PG_reclaim
    - no-IO pages: mask out irrelevant flags
    - PG_dirty
    - PG_uptodate
    - PG_writeback
    - SLAB pages: mask out overloaded flags:
    - PG_error
    - PG_active
    - PG_private
    - PG_reclaim: mask out the overloaded PG_readahead
    - compound flags: only export huge/gigantic pages

    Here are the admin/linus views of all page flags on a newly booted nfs-root system:

    # ./page-types # for admin
    flags page-count MB symbolic-flags long-symbolic-flags
    0x000000000000 491174 1918 ____________________________
    0x000000000020 1 0 _____l______________________ lru
    0x000000000028 2543 9 ___U_l______________________ uptodate,lru
    0x00000000002c 5288 20 __RU_l______________________ referenced,uptodate,lru
    0x000000004060 1 0 _____lA_______b_____________ lru,active,swapbacked
    0x000000004064 19 0 __R__lA_______b_____________ referenced,lru,active,swapbacked
    0x000000000068 225 0 ___U_lA_____________________ uptodate,lru,active
    0x00000000006c 969 3 __RU_lA_____________________ referenced,uptodate,lru,active
    0x000000000080 6832 26 _______S____________________ slab
    0x000000000400 576 2 __________B_________________ buddy
    0x000000000828 1159 4 ___U_l_____M________________ uptodate,lru,mmap
    0x00000000082c 310 1 __RU_l_____M________________ referenced,uptodate,lru,mmap
    0x000000004860 2 0 _____lA____M__b_____________ lru,active,mmap,swapbacked
    0x000000000868 375 1 ___U_lA____M________________ uptodate,lru,active,mmap
    0x00000000086c 635 2 __RU_lA____M________________ referenced,uptodate,lru,active,mmap
    0x000000005860 3831 14 _____lA____Ma_b_____________ lru,active,mmap,anonymous,swapbacked
    0x000000005864 28 0 __R__lA____Ma_b_____________ referenced,lru,active,mmap,anonymous,swapbacked
    total 513968 2007

    # ./page-types # for linus, when CONFIG_DEBUG_KERNEL is turned on
    flags page-count MB symbolic-flags long-symbolic-flags
    0x000000000000 471058 1840 ____________________________
    0x000100000000 19288 75 ____________________r_______ reserved
    0x000000010000 1064 4 ________________T___________ compound_tail
    0x000000008000 1 0 _______________H____________ compound_head
    0x000000008014 1 0 __R_D__________H____________ referenced,dirty,compound_head
    0x000000010014 4 0 __R_D___________T___________ referenced,dirty,compound_tail
    0x000000000020 1 0 _____l______________________ lru
    0x000000000028 2522 9 ___U_l______________________ uptodate,lru
    0x00000000002c 5207 20 __RU_l______________________ referenced,uptodate,lru
    0x000000000068 203 0 ___U_lA_____________________ uptodate,lru,active
    0x00000000006c 869 3 __RU_lA_____________________ referenced,uptodate,lru,active
    0x000000004078 1 0 ___UDlA_______b_____________ uptodate,dirty,lru,active,swapbacked
    0x00000000407c 19 0 __RUDlA_______b_____________ referenced,uptodate,dirty,lru,active,swapbacked
    0x000000000080 5989 23 _______S____________________ slab
    0x000000008080 778 3 _______S_______H____________ slab,compound_head
    0x000000000228 44 0 ___U_l___I__________________ uptodate,lru,reclaim
    0x00000000022c 39 0 __RU_l___I__________________ referenced,uptodate,lru,reclaim
    0x000000000268 12 0 ___U_lA__I__________________ uptodate,lru,active,reclaim
    0x00000000026c 44 0 __RU_lA__I__________________ referenced,uptodate,lru,active,reclaim
    0x000000000400 550 2 __________B_________________ buddy
    0x000000000804 1 0 __R________M________________ referenced,mmap
    0x000000000828 1068 4 ___U_l_____M________________ uptodate,lru,mmap
    0x00000000082c 326 1 __RU_l_____M________________ referenced,uptodate,lru,mmap
    0x000000000868 335 1 ___U_lA____M________________ uptodate,lru,active,mmap
    0x00000000086c 599 2 __RU_lA____M________________ referenced,uptodate,lru,active,mmap
    0x000000004878 2 0 ___UDlA____M__b_____________ uptodate,dirty,lru,active,mmap,swapbacked
    0x000000000a28 44 0 ___U_l___I_M________________ uptodate,lru,reclaim,mmap
    0x000000000a2c 12 0 __RU_l___I_M________________ referenced,uptodate,lru,reclaim,mmap
    0x000000000a68 8 0 ___U_lA__I_M________________ uptodate,lru,active,reclaim,mmap
    0x000000000a6c 31 0 __RU_lA__I_M________________ referenced,uptodate,lru,active,reclaim,mmap
    0x000000001000 442 1 ____________a_______________ anonymous
    0x000000005808 7 0 ___U_______Ma_b_____________ uptodate,mmap,anonymous,swapbacked
    0x000000005868 3371 13 ___U_lA____Ma_b_____________ uptodate,lru,active,mmap,anonymous,swapbacked
    0x00000000586c 28 0 __RU_lA____Ma_b_____________ referenced,uptodate,lru,active,mmap,anonymous,swapbacked
    total 513968 2007

    Thanks to KOSAKI and Andi for their valuable recommendations!

    Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
    Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
    Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
    Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
    Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
    ---
    fs/proc/page.c | 197 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
    1 file changed, 167 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)

    --- mm.orig/fs/proc/page.c
    +++ mm/fs/proc/page.c
    @@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
    #include <linux/mmzone.h>
    #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
    #include <linux/seq_file.h>
    +#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
    #include <asm/uaccess.h>
    #include "internal.h"

    @@ -70,19 +71,172 @@ static const struct file_operations proc

    /* These macros are used to decouple internal flags from exported ones */

    -#define KPF_LOCKED 0
    -#define KPF_ERROR 1
    -#define KPF_REFERENCED 2
    -#define KPF_UPTODATE 3
    -#define KPF_DIRTY 4
    -#define KPF_LRU 5
    -#define KPF_ACTIVE 6
    -#define KPF_SLAB 7
    -#define KPF_WRITEBACK 8
    -#define KPF_RECLAIM 9
    -#define KPF_BUDDY 10
    +#define KPF_LOCKED 0
    +#define KPF_ERROR 1
    +#define KPF_REFERENCED 2
    +#define KPF_UPTODATE 3
    +#define KPF_DIRTY 4
    +#define KPF_LRU 5
    +#define KPF_ACTIVE 6
    +#define KPF_SLAB 7
    +#define KPF_WRITEBACK 8
    +#define KPF_RECLAIM 9
    +#define KPF_BUDDY 10
    +
    +/* new additions in 2.6.31 */
    +#define KPF_MMAP 11
    +#define KPF_ANON 12
    +#define KPF_SWAPCACHE 13
    +#define KPF_SWAPBACKED 14
    +#define KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD 15
    +#define KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL 16
    +#define KPF_UNEVICTABLE 17
    +#define KPF_HWPOISON 18
    +#define KPF_NOPAGE 19
    +
    +/* kernel hacking assistances */
    +#define KPF_RESERVED 32
    +#define KPF_MLOCKED 33
    +#define KPF_MAPPEDTODISK 34
    +#define KPF_PRIVATE 35
    +#define KPF_PRIVATE2 36
    +#define KPF_OWNER_PRIVATE 37
    +#define KPF_ARCH 38
    +#define KPF_UNCACHED 39
    +
    +/*
    + * Kernel flags are exported faithfully to Linus and his fellow hackers.
    + * Otherwise some details are masked to avoid confusing the end user:
    + * - some kernel flags are completely invisible
    + * - some kernel flags are conditionally invisible on their odd usages
    + */
    +#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_KERNEL
    +static inline int genuine_linus(void) { return 1; }
    +#else
    +static inline int genuine_linus(void) { return 0; }
    +#endif
    +
    +#define kpf_copy_bit(uflags, kflags, visible, ubit, kbit) \
    + do { \
    + if (visible || genuine_linus()) \
    + uflags |= ((kflags >> kbit) & 1) << ubit; \
    + } while (0);
    +
    +/* a helper function _not_ intended for more general uses */
    +static inline int page_cap_writeback_dirty(struct page *page)
    +{
    + struct address_space *mapping;
    +
    + if (!PageSlab(page))
    + mapping = page_mapping(page);
    + else
    + mapping = NULL;
    +
    + return mapping && mapping_cap_writeback_dirty(mapping);
    +}
    +
    +static u64 get_uflags(struct page *page)
    +{
    + u64 k;
    + u64 u;
    + int io;
    + int lru;
    + int slab;
    +
    + /*
    + * pseudo flag: KPF_NOPAGE
    + * it differentiates a memory hole from a page with no flags
    + */
    + if (!page)
    + return 1 << KPF_NOPAGE;
    +
    + k = page->flags;
    + u = 0;
    +
    + io = page_cap_writeback_dirty(page);
    + lru = k & (1 << PG_lru);
    + slab = k & (1 << PG_slab);
    +
    + /*
    + * pseudo flags for the well known (anonymous) memory mapped pages
    + */
    + if (lru || genuine_linus()) {
    + if (!slab && page_mapped(page))
    + u |= 1 << KPF_MMAP;
    + if (PageAnon(page))
    + u |= 1 << KPF_ANON;
    + }

    -#define kpf_copy_bit(flags, dstpos, srcpos) (((flags >> srcpos) & 1) << dstpos)
    + /*
    + * compound pages: export both head/tail info
    + * they together define a compound page's start/end pos and order
    + */
    + if (PageHuge(page) || genuine_linus()) {
    + if (PageHead(page))
    + u |= 1 << KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD;
    + if (PageTail(page))
    + u |= 1 << KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL;
    + }
    +
    + kpf_copy_bit(u, k, 1, KPF_LOCKED, PG_locked);
    +
    + /*
    + * Caveats on high order pages:
    + * PG_buddy will only be set on the head page; SLUB/SLQB do the same
    + * for PG_slab; SLOB won't set PG_slab at all on compound pages.
    + */
    + kpf_copy_bit(u, k, 1, KPF_SLAB, PG_slab);
    + kpf_copy_bit(u, k, 1, KPF_BUDDY, PG_buddy);
    +
    + kpf_copy_bit(u, k, io, KPF_ERROR, PG_error);
    + kpf_copy_bit(u, k, io, KPF_DIRTY, PG_dirty);
    + kpf_copy_bit(u, k, io, KPF_UPTODATE, PG_uptodate);
    + kpf_copy_bit(u, k, io, KPF_WRITEBACK, PG_writeback);
    +
    + kpf_copy_bit(u, k, 1, KPF_LRU, PG_lru);
    + kpf_copy_bit(u, k, lru, KPF_REFERENCED, PG_referenced);
    + kpf_copy_bit(u, k, lru, KPF_ACTIVE, PG_active);
    + kpf_copy_bit(u, k, lru, KPF_RECLAIM, PG_reclaim);
    +
    + kpf_copy_bit(u, k, lru, KPF_SWAPCACHE, PG_swapcache);
    + kpf_copy_bit(u, k, lru, KPF_SWAPBACKED, PG_swapbacked);
    +
    +#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE
    + kpf_copy_bit(u, k, 1, KPF_HWPOISON, PG_hwpoison);
    +#endif
    +
    +#ifdef CONFIG_UNEVICTABLE_LRU
    + kpf_copy_bit(u, k, lru, KPF_UNEVICTABLE, PG_unevictable);
    + kpf_copy_bit(u, k, 0, KPF_MLOCKED, PG_mlocked);
    +#endif
    +
    + kpf_copy_bit(u, k, 0, KPF_RESERVED, PG_reserved);
    + kpf_copy_bit(u, k, 0, KPF_MAPPEDTODISK, PG_mappedtodisk);
    + kpf_copy_bit(u, k, 0, KPF_PRIVATE, PG_private);
    + kpf_copy_bit(u, k, 0, KPF_PRIVATE2, PG_private_2);
    + kpf_copy_bit(u, k, 0, KPF_OWNER_PRIVATE, PG_owner_priv_1);
    + kpf_copy_bit(u, k, 0, KPF_ARCH, PG_arch_1);
    +
    +#ifdef CONFIG_IA64_UNCACHED_ALLOCATOR
    + kpf_copy_bit(u, k, 0, KPF_UNCACHED, PG_uncached);
    +#endif
    +
    + if (!genuine_linus()) {
    + /*
    + * SLUB overloads some page flags which may confuse end user.
    + */
    + if (slab)
    + u &= ~((1 << KPF_ACTIVE) | (1 << KPF_ERROR));
    + /*
    + * PG_reclaim could be overloaded as PG_readahead,
    + * and we only want to export the first one.
    + */
    + if (!(u & (1 << KPF_WRITEBACK)))
    + u &= ~(1 << KPF_RECLAIM);
    + }
    +
    + return u;
    +};

    static ssize_t kpageflags_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
    size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
    @@ -92,7 +246,6 @@ static ssize_t kpageflags_read(struct fi
    unsigned long src = *ppos;
    unsigned long pfn;
    ssize_t ret = 0;
    - u64 kflags, uflags;

    pfn = src / KPMSIZE;
    count = min_t(unsigned long, count, (max_pfn * KPMSIZE) - src);
    @@ -104,24 +257,8 @@ static ssize_t kpageflags_read(struct fi
    ppage = pfn_to_page(pfn);
    else
    ppage = NULL;
    - if (!ppage)
    - kflags = 0;
    - else
    - kflags = ppage->flags;
    -
    - uflags = kpf_copy_bit(kflags, KPF_LOCKED, PG_locked) |
    - kpf_copy_bit(kflags, KPF_ERROR, PG_error) |
    - kpf_copy_bit(kflags, KPF_REFERENCED, PG_referenced) |
    - kpf_copy_bit(kflags, KPF_UPTODATE, PG_uptodate) |
    - kpf_copy_bit(kflags, KPF_DIRTY, PG_dirty) |
    - kpf_copy_bit(kflags, KPF_LRU, PG_lru) |
    - kpf_copy_bit(kflags, KPF_ACTIVE, PG_active) |
    - kpf_copy_bit(kflags, KPF_SLAB, PG_slab) |
    - kpf_copy_bit(kflags, KPF_WRITEBACK, PG_writeback) |
    - kpf_copy_bit(kflags, KPF_RECLAIM, PG_reclaim) |
    - kpf_copy_bit(kflags, KPF_BUDDY, PG_buddy);

    - if (put_user(uflags, out)) {
    + if (put_user(get_uflags(ppage), out)) {
    ret = -EFAULT;
    break;
    }
    --



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