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    Subject[RFC Patch 2/9] x86 architecture implementation of Hardware Breakpoint interfaces
    This patch introduces two new files named hw_breakpoint.[ch] inside x86 specific
    directories. They contain functions which help validate and serve requests for
    using Hardware Breakpoint registers on x86 processors.

    Signed-off-by: K.Prasad <prasad@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
    Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
    ---
    arch/x86/kernel/Makefile | 2
    arch/x86/kernel/hw_breakpoint.c | 441 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    include/asm-x86/hw_breakpoint.h | 128 +++++++++++
    3 files changed, 570 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

    Index: linux-HBKPT-2.6.28-rc7/arch/x86/kernel/hw_breakpoint.c
    ===================================================================
    --- /dev/null
    +++ linux-HBKPT-2.6.28-rc7/arch/x86/kernel/hw_breakpoint.c
    @@ -0,0 +1,441 @@
    +/*
    + * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
    + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    + * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
    + * (at your option) any later version.
    + *
    + * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
    + * GNU General Public License for more details.
    + *
    + * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    + * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
    + * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
    + *
    + * Copyright (C) 2007 Alan Stern
    + * Copyright (C) 2008 IBM Corporation
    + */
    +
    +/*
    + * HW_breakpoint: a unified kernel/user-space hardware breakpoint facility,
    + * using the CPU's debug registers.
    + */
    +
    +#include <linux/init.h>
    +#include <linux/irqflags.h>
    +#include <linux/kdebug.h>
    +#include <linux/kernel.h>
    +#include <linux/kprobes.h>
    +#include <linux/module.h>
    +#include <linux/mutex.h>
    +#include <linux/notifier.h>
    +#include <linux/rculist.h>
    +#include <linux/sched.h>
    +#include <linux/smp.h>
    +#include <linux/percpu.h>
    +
    +#include <asm/debugreg.h>
    +#include <asm/hw_breakpoint.h>
    +#include <asm/processor.h>
    +
    +/* Arch-specific hook routines */
    +
    +/*
    + * Install the kernel breakpoints in their debug registers.
    + */
    +static void arch_install_chbi(struct cpu_hw_breakpoint *chbi)
    +{
    + struct hw_breakpoint **bps;
    +
    + /* Don't allow debug exceptions while we update the registers */
    + set_debugreg(0UL, 7);
    + chbi->cur_kbpdata = rcu_dereference(cur_kbpdata);
    +
    + /* Kernel breakpoints are stored starting in DR0 and going up */
    + bps = chbi->cur_kbpdata->bps;
    + switch (chbi->cur_kbpdata->num_kbps) {
    + case 4:
    + set_debugreg(bps[3]->info.address, 3);
    + case 3:
    + set_debugreg(bps[2]->info.address, 2);
    + case 2:
    + set_debugreg(bps[1]->info.address, 1);
    + case 1:
    + set_debugreg(bps[0]->info.address, 0);
    + }
    + /* No need to set DR6 */
    + set_debugreg(chbi->cur_kbpdata->mkdr7, 7);
    +}
    +
    +/*
    + * Update an out-of-date thread hw_breakpoint info structure.
    + */
    +static void arch_update_thbi(struct thread_hw_breakpoint *thbi,
    + struct kernel_bp_data *thr_kbpdata)
    +{
    + int num = thr_kbpdata->num_kbps;
    +
    + thbi->tkdr7 = thr_kbpdata->mkdr7 | (thbi->tdr7 & ~kdr7_masks[num]);
    +}
    +
    +/*
    + * Install the thread breakpoints in their debug registers.
    + */
    +static void arch_install_thbi(struct thread_hw_breakpoint *thbi)
    +{
    + /* Install the user breakpoints. Kernel breakpoints are stored
    + * starting in DR0 and going up; there are num_kbps of them.
    + * User breakpoints are stored starting in DR3 and going down,
    + * as many as we have room for.
    + */
    + switch (thbi->num_installed) {
    + case 4:
    + set_debugreg(thbi->tdr[0], 0);
    + case 3:
    + set_debugreg(thbi->tdr[1], 1);
    + case 2:
    + set_debugreg(thbi->tdr[2], 2);
    + case 1:
    + set_debugreg(thbi->tdr[3], 3);
    + }
    + /* No need to set DR6 */
    + set_debugreg(thbi->tkdr7, 7);
    +}
    +
    +/*
    + * Install the debug register values for just the kernel, no thread.
    + */
    +static void arch_install_none(struct cpu_hw_breakpoint *chbi)
    +{
    + set_debugreg(chbi->cur_kbpdata->mkdr7, 7);
    +}
    +
    +/*
    + * Create a new kbpdata entry.
    + */
    +static void arch_new_kbpdata(struct kernel_bp_data *new_kbpdata)
    +{
    + int num = new_kbpdata->num_kbps;
    +
    + new_kbpdata->mkdr7 = kdr7 & (kdr7_masks[num] | DR_GLOBAL_SLOWDOWN);
    +}
    +
    +/*
    + * Store a thread breakpoint array entry's address
    + */
    +static void arch_store_thread_bp_array(struct thread_hw_breakpoint *thbi,
    + struct hw_breakpoint *bp, int i)
    +{
    + thbi->tdr[i] = bp->info.address;
    +}
    +
    +/*
    + * Store a breakpoint's encoded address, length, and type.
    + */
    +static void arch_store_info(struct hw_breakpoint *bp,
    + unsigned long address, unsigned len, unsigned type)
    +{
    + bp->info.address = address;
    + bp->info.len = len;
    + bp->info.type = type;
    +}
    +
    +/*
    + * Validate the arch-specific HW Breakpoint register settings
    + */
    +static int arch_validate_hwbkpt_settings(struct hw_breakpoint *bp,
    + unsigned long address, unsigned len, unsigned int type,
    + unsigned int *align)
    +{
    + int ret = -EINVAL;
    +
    + switch (type) {
    + case HW_BREAKPOINT_WRITE:
    + break;
    + case HW_BREAKPOINT_RW:
    + break;
    + default:
    + return ret;
    + }
    +
    + switch (len) {
    + case HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_1:
    + *align = 0;
    + break;
    + case HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_2:
    + *align = 1;
    + break;
    + case HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_4:
    + *align = 3;
    + break;
    + default:
    + return ret;
    + }
    +
    + if (bp->triggered) {
    + ret = 0;
    + arch_store_info(bp, address, len, type);
    + }
    + return ret;
    +}
    +
    +/*
    + * Check for virtual address in user space.
    + */
    +static int arch_check_va_in_userspace(unsigned long va,
    + struct task_struct *tsk)
    +{
    +#ifndef CONFIG_X86_64
    +#define TASK_SIZE_OF(t) TASK_SIZE
    +#endif
    + return (va < TASK_SIZE_OF(tsk));
    +}
    +
    +/*
    + * Check for virtual address in kernel space.
    + */
    +static int arch_check_va_in_kernelspace(unsigned long va)
    +{
    +#ifndef CONFIG_X86_64
    +#define TASK_SIZE64 TASK_SIZE
    +#endif
    + return (va >= TASK_SIZE64);
    +}
    +
    +/*
    + * Encode the length, type, Exact, and Enable bits for a particular breakpoint
    + * as stored in debug register 7.
    + */
    +static unsigned long encode_dr7(int drnum, unsigned len, unsigned type)
    +{
    + unsigned long temp;
    +
    + temp = (len | type) & 0xf;
    + temp <<= (DR_CONTROL_SHIFT + drnum * DR_CONTROL_SIZE);
    + temp |= (DR_GLOBAL_ENABLE << (drnum * DR_ENABLE_SIZE)) |
    + DR_GLOBAL_SLOWDOWN;
    + return temp;
    +}
    +
    +/*
    + * Calculate the DR7 value for a list of kernel or user breakpoints.
    + */
    +static unsigned long calculate_dr7(struct thread_hw_breakpoint *thbi)
    +{
    + int is_user;
    + struct list_head *bp_list;
    + struct hw_breakpoint *bp;
    + int i;
    + int drnum;
    + unsigned long dr7;
    +
    + if (thbi) {
    + is_user = 1;
    + bp_list = &thbi->thread_bps;
    + drnum = HB_NUM - 1;
    + } else {
    + is_user = 0;
    + bp_list = &kernel_bps;
    + drnum = 0;
    + }
    +
    + /* Kernel bps are assigned from DR0 on up, and user bps are assigned
    + * from DR3 on down. Accumulate all 4 bps; the kernel DR7 mask will
    + * select the appropriate bits later.
    + */
    + dr7 = 0;
    + i = 0;
    + list_for_each_entry(bp, bp_list, node) {
    +
    + /* Get the debug register number and accumulate the bits */
    + dr7 |= encode_dr7(drnum, bp->info.len, bp->info.type);
    + if (++i >= HB_NUM)
    + break;
    + if (is_user)
    + --drnum;
    + else
    + ++drnum;
    + }
    + return dr7;
    +}
    +
    +/*
    + * Register a new user breakpoint structure.
    + */
    +static void arch_register_user_hw_breakpoint(struct hw_breakpoint *bp,
    + struct thread_hw_breakpoint *thbi)
    +{
    + thbi->tdr7 = calculate_dr7(thbi);
    +
    + /* If this is an execution breakpoint for the current PC address,
    + * we should clear the task's RF so that the bp will be certain
    + * to trigger.
    + *
    + * FIXME: It's not so easy to get hold of the task's PC as a linear
    + * address! ptrace.c does this already...
    + */
    +}
    +
    +/*
    + * Unregister a user breakpoint structure.
    + */
    +static void arch_unregister_user_hw_breakpoint(struct hw_breakpoint *bp,
    + struct thread_hw_breakpoint *thbi)
    +{
    + thbi->tdr7 = calculate_dr7(thbi);
    +}
    +
    +/*
    + * Register a kernel breakpoint structure.
    + */
    +static void arch_register_kernel_hw_breakpoint(
    + struct hw_breakpoint *bp)
    +{
    + kdr7 = calculate_dr7(NULL);
    +}
    +
    +/*
    + * Unregister a kernel breakpoint structure.
    + */
    +static void arch_unregister_kernel_hw_breakpoint(
    + struct hw_breakpoint *bp)
    +{
    + kdr7 = calculate_dr7(NULL);
    +}
    +
    +
    +/* End of arch-specific hook routines */
    +
    +
    +/*
    + * Copy out the debug register information for a core dump.
    + *
    + * tsk must be equal to current.
    + */
    +void dump_thread_hw_breakpoint(struct task_struct *tsk, int u_debugreg[8])
    +{
    + struct thread_hw_breakpoint *thbi = tsk->thread.hw_breakpoint_info;
    + int i;
    +
    + memset(u_debugreg, 0, sizeof u_debugreg);
    + if (thbi) {
    + for (i = 0; i < HB_NUM; ++i)
    + u_debugreg[i] = thbi->vdr_bps[i].info.address;
    + u_debugreg[7] = thbi->vdr7;
    + }
    + u_debugreg[6] = tsk->thread.vdr6;
    +}
    +
    +/*
    + * Handle debug exception notifications.
    + */
    +
    +static void switch_to_none_hw_breakpoint(void);
    +static struct hw_breakpoint *last_hit_bp;
    +static struct thread_hw_breakpoint *last_hit_thbi;
    +
    +static int __kprobes hw_breakpoint_handler(struct die_args *args)
    +{
    + struct cpu_hw_breakpoint *chbi;
    + int i;
    + struct hw_breakpoint *bp;
    + struct thread_hw_breakpoint *thbi = NULL;
    +
    + /* The DR6 value is stored in args->err */
    +#define DR6 (args->err)
    +
    + if (DR6 & DR_STEP)
    + return NOTIFY_DONE;
    +
    + chbi = &per_cpu(cpu_info, get_cpu());
    +
    + /* Disable all breakpoints so that the callbacks can run without
    + * triggering recursive debug exceptions.
    + */
    + set_debugreg(0UL, 7);
    +
    + /* Assert that local interrupts are disabled */
    + /* Reset the DRn bits in the virtualized register value.
    + * The ptrace trigger routine will add in whatever is needed.
    + */
    + current->thread.vdr6 &= ~(DR_TRAP0|DR_TRAP1|DR_TRAP2|DR_TRAP3);
    +
    + /* Are we a victim of lazy debug-register switching? */
    + if (!chbi->bp_task)
    + ;
    + else if (chbi->bp_task != current) {
    +
    + /* No user breakpoints are valid. Perform the belated
    + * debug-register switch.
    + */
    + switch_to_none_hw_breakpoint();
    + } else {
    + thbi = chbi->bp_task->thread.hw_breakpoint_info;
    + }
    +
    + /* Handle all the breakpoints that were triggered */
    + for (i = 0; i < HB_NUM; ++i) {
    + if (likely(!(DR6 & (DR_TRAP0 << i))))
    + continue;
    +
    + /* Find the corresponding hw_breakpoint structure and
    + * invoke its triggered callback.
    + */
    + if (i < chbi->cur_kbpdata->num_kbps)
    + bp = chbi->cur_kbpdata->bps[i];
    + else if (thbi)
    + bp = thbi->bps[i];
    + else /* False alarm due to lazy DR switching */
    + continue;
    + if (bp) {
    + switch (bp->info.type) {
    + case HW_BREAKPOINT_WRITE:
    + case HW_BREAKPOINT_RW:
    + if (bp->triggered)
    + (bp->triggered)(bp, args->regs);
    + /* Re-enable the breakpoints */
    + set_debugreg(thbi ? thbi->tkdr7 :
    + chbi->cur_kbpdata->mkdr7, 7);
    + put_cpu_no_resched();
    +
    + return NOTIFY_STOP;
    + }
    + }
    + }
    + /* Stop processing further if the exception is a stray one */
    + if (!(DR6 & ~(DR_TRAP0|DR_TRAP1|DR_TRAP2|DR_TRAP3)))
    + return NOTIFY_STOP;
    +
    + return NOTIFY_DONE;
    +#undef DR6
    +}
    +
    +/*
    + * Handle debug exception notifications.
    + */
    +static int __kprobes hw_breakpoint_exceptions_notify(
    + struct notifier_block *unused, unsigned long val, void *data)
    +{
    + if (val != DIE_DEBUG)
    + return NOTIFY_DONE;
    + return hw_breakpoint_handler(data);
    +}
    +
    +static struct notifier_block hw_breakpoint_exceptions_nb = {
    + .notifier_call = hw_breakpoint_exceptions_notify,
    + .priority = 0x7fffffff /* we need to be notified first */
    +};
    +
    +static int __init init_hw_breakpoint(void)
    +{
    + load_debug_registers();
    + return register_die_notifier(&hw_breakpoint_exceptions_nb);
    +}
    +
    +core_initcall(init_hw_breakpoint);
    +
    +
    +/* Grab the arch-independent code */
    +#include "../../../kernel/hw_breakpoint.c"
    +
    Index: linux-HBKPT-2.6.28-rc7/include/asm-x86/hw_breakpoint.h
    ===================================================================
    --- /dev/null
    +++ linux-HBKPT-2.6.28-rc7/include/asm-x86/hw_breakpoint.h
    @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
    +#ifndef _I386_HW_BREAKPOINT_H
    +#define _I386_HW_BREAKPOINT_H
    +
    +#ifdef __KERNEL__
    +#define __ARCH_HW_BREAKPOINT_H
    +
    +struct arch_hw_breakpoint {
    + unsigned long address;
    + u8 len;
    + u8 type;
    +} __attribute__((packed));
    +
    +#include <asm-generic/hw_breakpoint.h>
    +
    +/* HW breakpoint accessor routines */
    +static inline const void *hw_breakpoint_get_kaddress(struct hw_breakpoint *bp)
    +{
    + return (const void *) bp->info.address;
    +}
    +
    +static inline const void __user *hw_breakpoint_get_uaddress
    + (struct hw_breakpoint *bp)
    +{
    + return (const void __user *) bp->info.address;
    +}
    +
    +static inline unsigned hw_breakpoint_get_len(struct hw_breakpoint *bp)
    +{
    + return bp->info.len;
    +}
    +
    +static inline unsigned hw_breakpoint_get_type(struct hw_breakpoint *bp)
    +{
    + return bp->info.type;
    +}
    +
    +/* Available HW breakpoint length encodings */
    +#define HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_1 0x40
    +#define HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_2 0x44
    +#define HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_4 0x4c
    +#define HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_EXECUTE 0x40
    +
    +/* Available HW breakpoint type encodings */
    +#define HW_BREAKPOINT_WRITE 0x81 /* trigger on memory write */
    +#define HW_BREAKPOINT_RW 0x83 /* trigger on memory read or write */
    +
    +#define HB_NUM 4
    +
    +/* Per-thread HW breakpoint and debug register info */
    +struct thread_hw_breakpoint {
    +
    + /* utrace support */
    + struct list_head node; /* Entry in thread list */
    + struct list_head thread_bps; /* Thread's breakpoints */
    + struct hw_breakpoint *bps[HB_NUM]; /* Highest-priority bps */
    + unsigned long tdr[HB_NUM]; /* and their addresses */
    + int num_installed; /* Number of installed bps */
    + unsigned gennum; /* update-generation number */
    +
    + /* Only the portions below are arch-specific */
    +
    + /* ptrace support -- Note that vdr6 is stored directly in the
    + * thread_struct so that it is always available.
    + */
    + unsigned long vdr7; /* Virtualized DR7 */
    + struct hw_breakpoint vdr_bps[HB_NUM]; /* Breakpoints
    + representing virtualized debug registers 0 - 3 */
    + unsigned long tdr7; /* Thread's DR7 value */
    + unsigned long tkdr7; /* Thread + kernel DR7 value */
    +};
    +
    +/* Kernel-space breakpoint data */
    +struct kernel_bp_data {
    + unsigned gennum; /* Generation number */
    + int num_kbps; /* Number of kernel bps */
    + struct hw_breakpoint *bps[HB_NUM]; /* Loaded breakpoints */
    +
    + /* Only the portions below are arch-specific */
    + unsigned long mkdr7; /* Masked kernel DR7 value */
    +};
    +
    +/* Per-CPU debug register info */
    +struct cpu_hw_breakpoint {
    + struct kernel_bp_data *cur_kbpdata; /* Current kbpdata[] entry */
    + struct task_struct *bp_task; /* The thread whose bps
    + are currently loaded in the debug registers */
    +};
    +
    +/* Global info */
    +static struct kernel_bp_data kbpdata[2]; /* Old and new settings */
    +static int cur_kbpindex; /* Alternates 0, 1, ... */
    +static struct kernel_bp_data *cur_kbpdata = &kbpdata[0];
    + /* Always equal to &kbpdata[cur_kbpindex] */
    +
    +static u8 tprio[HB_NUM]; /* Thread bp max priorities */
    +static LIST_HEAD(kernel_bps); /* Kernel breakpoint list */
    +static LIST_HEAD(thread_list); /* thread_hw_breakpoint list */
    +
    +/* Only the portions below are arch-specific */
    +
    +static unsigned long kdr7; /* Unmasked kernel DR7 value */
    +
    +/* Masks for the bits in DR7 related to kernel breakpoints, for various
    + * values of num_kbps. Entry n is the mask for when there are n kernel
    + * breakpoints, in debug registers 0 - (n-1). The DR_GLOBAL_SLOWDOWN bit
    + * (GE) is handled specially.
    + */
    +static const unsigned long kdr7_masks[HB_NUM + 1] = {
    + 0x00000000,
    + 0x000f0003, /* LEN0, R/W0, G0, L0 */
    + 0x00ff000f, /* Same for 0,1 */
    + 0x0fff003f, /* Same for 0,1,2 */
    + 0xffff00ff /* Same for 0,1,2,3 */
    +};
    +
    +/*
    + * Ptrace support: breakpoint trigger routine.
    + */
    +
    +int __register_user_hw_breakpoint(struct task_struct *tsk,
    + struct hw_breakpoint *bp,
    + unsigned long address, unsigned len, unsigned type);
    +void __unregister_user_hw_breakpoint(struct task_struct *tsk,
    + struct hw_breakpoint *bp);
    +
    +#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
    +#endif /* _I386_HW_BREAKPOINT_H */
    +
    Index: linux-HBKPT-2.6.28-rc7/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
    ===================================================================
    --- linux-HBKPT-2.6.28-rc7.orig/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
    +++ linux-HBKPT-2.6.28-rc7/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
    @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_X86_64) += sys_x86_64.o x86
    obj-$(CONFIG_X86_64) += syscall_64.o vsyscall_64.o
    obj-y += bootflag.o e820.o
    obj-y += pci-dma.o quirks.o i8237.o topology.o kdebugfs.o
    -obj-y += alternative.o i8253.o pci-nommu.o
    +obj-y += alternative.o i8253.o pci-nommu.o hw_breakpoint.o
    obj-y += tsc.o io_delay.o rtc.o

    obj-$(CONFIG_X86_TRAMPOLINE) += trampoline.o

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