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* Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> wrote: > > If the NX feature is supported by the CPU then the patched kernel turns > > on NX and it will enforce userspace executability constraints such as a > > no-exec stack and no-exec mmap and data areas. This means less chance > > for stack overflows and buffer-overflows to cause exploits. > > Just out of interest - how many legacy apps are broken by this? I > assume it's a non-zero number, but wouldn't mind to be happily > surprised. in the full install of FC1 and FC2 the number is zero - and Fedora has exec-shield which does a couple of things more: it makes the heap non-executable as well [this broke X], it randomizes the address-space layout and has a 4:4 VM [which broke the Sun JVM]. > And do we have some way of on a per-process basis say "avoid NX > because this old version of Oracle/flash/whatever-binary-thing doesn't > run with it"? we have three mechanisms for this in Fedora: 1) the PT_GNU_STACK flag itself - you can turn executability on/off compile-time or even after the fact via the execstack(8) utility Jakub wrote. This only affects the stack's executability - if an application assumes a non-PROT_EXEC mmap() can be executed it might still break with NX - but based on experience with Fedora Core i'd say there's almost no such application. this method works in 2.6 too, since it supports PT_GNU_STACK. gcc's PT_GNU_STACK mechanism is very conservative - e.g. if an application does an asm() then gcc assumes that it might rely on stack executability and emits the X flag. [applications can then turn this off in the source if stack executability is not required.] Likewise, if gcc emits trampolines then the X flag is emitted too. (glibc knows about PT_GNU_STACK all across - so e.g. if a nonexec stack application dlopen()s a library that needs stack executability then glibc makes the stack executable on the fly via PROT_GROWSDOWN/GROWSUP.) 2) via a runtime method: via the i386 personality. So an application can trigger the 'legacy' Linux VM layout by e.g doing 'i386 java ./test.class'. this is a hack in Fedora - we wanted to have a finegrained runtime mechanism just in case. But it would be nice to have this upstream too - e.g. via a PERSONALITY_3G? 3) via a kernel boot parameter (exec-shield=0) with the NX patch this becomes noexec=off [the same flag works on x86_64 too]. This method is the most inflexible one, and is a last-resort thing. (Fedora also has a runtime global switch to turn off the VM layout changes.) here's a list of applications that we had to fix/work around in Fedora when the VM layout changed: - emacs _rebuild_. (it coredumps itself during build ... xemacs is OK.) - some JDKs. Since they generate code and try to be as fast as possible they tend to rely more on VM details than normal applications. - X's module loader assumed that brk was executable. (fixed) - Wine. (it implements another OS so it's by definition very sensitive to layout changes.) most of the breakages were unclean x86-only code that would have broken if ported over to 64-bit anyway. old, legacy applications dont have the PT_GNU_STACK flag so they all work fine. Ingo - To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-kernel" in the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html Please read the FAQ at http://www.tux.org/lkml/ | ||||||||||||
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